{"id":7781,"date":"2025-05-12T13:57:59","date_gmt":"2025-05-12T04:57:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/?p=7781"},"modified":"2025-05-13T22:48:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-13T13:48:08","slug":"%ed%95%9c%ea%b5%ad-%eb%af%bc%ec%a3%bc%ec%a3%bc%ec%9d%98%ec%9d%98-%ec%9c%84%ea%b8%b0%ec%99%80-%ec%a0%95%ec%83%81-%eb%af%bc%ec%a3%bc%ec%a3%bc%ec%9d%98%eb%a1%9c%ec%9d%98-%eb%b3%b5%ec%9b%90%eb%a0%a5resil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/?p=7781","title":{"rendered":"\ud55c\uad6d \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc704\uae30\uc640 \uc815\uc0c1 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c\uc758 \ubcf5\uc6d0\ub825(resilience)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"td_uid_1_69e36eec66278\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row vc_custom_1742802724000 td_uid_1_69e36eec6627f_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1742802724000{margin-bottom: 50px !important;}\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_1_69e36eec6627f_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_2_69e36eec6669f_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span6\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_acf field_group=&#8221;7590&#8243; field_from_7590=&#8221;field_67bfe7996022d&#8221;]<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_3_69e36eec666db_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span6\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_acf field_group=&#8221;7590&#8243; field_from_7590=&#8221;field_67bfe7636022b&#8221; align=&#8221;right&#8221;]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t<script>\r\n\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(window).load(function () {\r\n\t\t\t\tjQuery('body').find('#td_uid_1_69e36eec66278 .td-element-style').each(function (index, element) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\tjQuery(element).css('opacity', 1);\r\n\t\t\t\t\treturn;\r\n\t\t\t\t});\r\n\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/script>\r\n\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<script>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(window).ready(function () {\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\/\/ We need timeout because the content must be rendered and interpreted on client\r\n\t\t\t\t\tsetTimeout(function () {\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvar $content = jQuery('body').find('#tdc-live-iframe'),\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trefWindow = undefined;\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif ($content.length) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t$content = $content.contents();\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trefWindow = document.getElementById('tdc-live-iframe').contentWindow || document.getElementById('tdc-live-iframe').contentDocument;\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t} else {\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t$content = jQuery('body');\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trefWindow = window;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$content.find('#td_uid_1_69e36eec66278 .td-element-style').each(function (index, element) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tjQuery(element).css('opacity', 1);\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\treturn;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t}, 200);\r\n\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"td_uid_4_69e36eec6671d\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row td_uid_4_69e36eec6671f_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_4_69e36eec6671f_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_5_69e36eec6687d_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text td_uid_6_69e36eec6699b_rand  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_3\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_6_69e36eec6699b\" \"><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><figure id=\"attachment_7802\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7802\" style=\"width: 2560px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7802 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/01.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/01-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/01-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/01-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/01-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/01-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/01-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/01-265x198.jpg 265w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/01-696x522.jpg 696w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/01-1068x801.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/01-560x420.jpg 560w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/01-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7802\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\uc724\uc11d\uc5f4 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc758 \ud0c4\ud575\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \uad11\ud654\ubb38 \uad11\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ubaa8\uc600\ub2e4. <\/strong><br \/>\ucd9c\ucc98: Wikimedia Commons, \uc791\uac00: \ubc15\uc885\ub300(ChongDae)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b>\uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ud6c4\ud1f4<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud604\uc7ac \uc804 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \uc720\ub839\ucc98\ub7fc \ubc30\ud68c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc704\uae30\ub294 2008\ub144 \uc138\uacc4\ud654\uc758 \uc2ec\uc7a5\ubd80\uc778 \uc6d4\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c\ubd80\ud130 \ubc1c\ubc1c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 2008\ub144\uc758 \uae00\ub85c\ubc8c \uae08\uc735\uc704\uae30\ub294 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \uc815\ub2f9\uc758 \uc57d\ud654, \uc815\ub2f9 \uac04 \uc591\uadf9\ud654, \uadf9\uc6b0 \uc815\uce58\uc138\ub825\uc758 \ubd80\uc0c1, \ud3ec\ud4f0\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc815\uce58\uc138\ub825\uc758 \ubc1c\ud638\ub85c \uc2e0\uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc138\uacc4\ud654\uac00 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc9c0\uc18d\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uae00\ub85c\ubc8c \uacbd\uc81c\uc704\uae30\ub294 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc815\ubd80\uac00 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uacbd\uc81c\uc131\uc7a5\uc744 \uc810\ud654\ud558\uace0, \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\uc744 \uac10\uc18c\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0, \uc778\uc885\uc801, \uc885\uc871\uc801 \ubd84\ub9ac\uc640 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc744 \ucca0\ud3d0\ud558\uace0, \uc88b\uc740 \uc77c\uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \ucc3d\ucd9c\ud558\uc5ec \uc2ec\ud654\ub41c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc591\uadf9\ud654 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud480 \uc218 \uc5c6\uac8c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc758 \ud558\ub77d\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ub2f9\uc815\uce58\uac00 \ud1f4\ubcf4\ud558\uace0 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ud6c4\ud1f4\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. 2016\ub144 \uc601\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc885\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc77c\uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \uc9c0\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 EU\ub77c\ub294 \uad6d\uacbd\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ud0c8\ud558\ub294 \ube0c\ub809\uc2dc\ud2b8\ub97c \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 2016\ub144 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\ub77c\ub294 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8\uc744 \ub2f9\uc120\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc678\uad6d \uc774\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud574 \ub2ec\ub77c\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc120\ud0dd\uc744 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d\uacfc \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 1,951\ub9c8\uc77c(3,140km)\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\ub294 21\uc138\uae30\ud310 \ub9cc\ub9ac\uc7a5\uc131\uc744 \uc313\uc544 \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54 \uc774\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc758 \uc9c4\uc785\uc744 \ub9c9\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc6d0\ub958\uad6d\uac00\uc778 \uc601\uad6d\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ud6c4\ud1f4\uc640 \uc704\uae30\ub294 \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \uc120\uc9c4 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758, \ub3d9\uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \uc2e0\uc0dd \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \ubc88\uc84c\uace0 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc640 \ub0a8\ubbf8\ub85c \ud655\uc0b0\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub3c4\ub110\ub4dc \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\ub294 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\uacfc \uc591\uadf9\ud654\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc31\uc778 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ubd88\ub9cc, \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758, \uc885\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uc790\uad6d\ubbfc \uc6b0\uc120\uc8fc\uc758, \uace0\ub9bd\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \ubcf4\ud638\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \uc6b0\uc775 \ud3ec\ud4f0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \uc790\uadf9\ud558\uace0 \uc120\ub3d9\ud558\uc5ec 2016\ub144 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc5d0 \ub2f9\uc120\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \uc9d1\uad8c \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uacc4\uc18d \uc790\uc720\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uac00\uce58\uc640 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \ud6fc\uc190\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\uc758 \ud3ec\ud4f0\ub9ac\uc998\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ud6c4\ud1f4\ub294 2020\ub144 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839 \uc120\uac70\uc5d0\uc11c \uc808\uc815\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud588\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d\uc740 2020\ub144 \ub300\uc120\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8 \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\uc758 \uc6b0\uc775 \ud3ec\ud4f0\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ucd94\uc885\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc120\uac70 \ud328\ubc30\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc758\uc0ac\ub2f9\uc5d0 \ub09c\uc785\ud558\ub294 \ucd08\uc720\uc758 \uc0ac\ud0dc\ub85c \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc624\ub798\ub41c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ud1f4\ubcf4\ud558\ub294(backsliding) \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc758\uc0ac\ub2f9 \ub09c\uc785 \uc0ac\ud0dc\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uac15\ud55c \uc81c\ub3c4\uc801 \ubcf5\uc6d0\ub825(institutional resilience)\uc73c\ub85c \uc758\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uacb0\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \ubbf8\uad6d \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc815\uc0c1\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \ub9c8\ub9b0 \ub974\ud39c\uc758 \uadf9\uc6b0 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9, \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc758 \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc790(Syriza)\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc88c\ud30c \ud3ec\ud4f0\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc815\ub2f9\uc774 \ubd80\uc0c1\ud558\uc5ec \uadf9\ub2e8\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uae09\uc9c4\uc801\uc778 \uc774\ub150\uc744 \uc120\ub3d9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uad6d\uc218\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758, \uc778\uc885\ud610\uc624\uc8fc\uc758, \uc790\uad6d\ubbfc \uc6b0\uc120\uc8fc\uc758(nativism)\ub97c \ub3d9\uc6d0\ud558\uace0 \ubc18\uc774\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc120\ub3d9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc138\uacc4 \ucd5c\uace0\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uad6c\uac00\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ub2f9\uc774 \ud30c\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc815\ub2f9\ud654\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774\ud0dc\ub9ac\uc758 \uc870\uc9c0\uc544 \uba40\ub85c\ub2c8(Georgia Meloni), \uc624\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub2f9(Freedom Party) \ub4f1\uc740 \ubc18\uc774\ubbfc(anti-immigration), \ubc18\uc774\uc2ac\ub78c(anti-Islam), \ubc18\ubc94\uc8c4(anti-crime) \uad6c\ud638\ub97c \ub0b4\uac78\uace0 \uadf9\uc6b0\uc815\ub2f9\ud654\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub3d9\uad6c \ud5dd\uac00\ub9ac\uc758 \uc624\ub974\ubc18\uacfc \ud53c\ub370\uc2a4\ub2f9(Fidesz)\uc740 \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \uc21c\uc218\uc131 \ubcf4\uc874\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uad6c\ud638\ub85c \uc790\uc720\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc9d1\uad8c \ubc95\uacfc \uc815\uc758\ub2f9(PiS)\uc740 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uc218\ud638\ub77c\ub294 \uad6c\ud638 \uc544\ub798 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uacbd\uc7c1\uc744 \uc5b5\uc81c\ud558\uace0 \ube44\uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uac15\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud130\ud0a4\uc758 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8 \uc5d0\ub974\ub3c4\uc548(Erdogan)\uacfc AKP(Justice and Development Party)\ub294 \ube44\uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uc758\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uce68\uc2dd\ud558\uc5ec \uc57c\ub2f9\uacfc \uc5b8\ub860\uc744 \ud0c4\uc555\ud558\uace0, \ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc \uc885\uc871\uc744 \uc5b5\uc555\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ud6c4\ud1f4\ub294 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\ub85c \ud655\uc7a5\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc138\uacc4 \ucd5c\ub300\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\uc778 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \ubaa8\ub514(Narendra Modi) \uc218\uc0c1\uc740 \ud78c\ub450 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ub0b4\uac78\uace0 \uc758\ud68c, \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0, \uc120\uad00\uc704, \uad70\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc801 \uc911\ub9bd\uacfc \ubd84\uad8c \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \uc57d\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \ud6fc\uc190\ud558\uace0 \uad6d\uc218\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \uc218\ub9bd\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<b>. <\/b>\uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\uc758 \uc555\ub378 \ud30c\ud0c0 \uc5d8\uc2dc\uc2dc(Abdel Fattah el-Sisi)\ub294 2034\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc9d1\uad8c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uae38\uc744 \uc5f4\uc5b4\ub193\uc558\ub2e4. \ud544\ub9ac\ud540\uc758 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8 \ub85c\ub4dc\ub9ac\uace0 \ub450\ud14c\ub974\ud14c\ub294 \ub9c8\uc57d\uacfc\uc758 \uc804\uc7c1\uc744 \ubc8c\uc5ec 2\ub9cc \uba85\uc744 \ucc98\ud615\ud558\ub294 \ub300\ub7c9 \ud559\uc0b4\uc744 \uac10\ud589\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub0a8\ubbf8\uc758 \ubca0\ub124\uc218\uc5d8\ub77c, \uc5d0\ucf70\ub3c4\ub974\uc640 \ubcfc\ub9ac\ube44\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc88c\ud30c \ud3ec\ud4f0\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \ub300\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ud6fc\uc190\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc6b0\uc775 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8 \ubcf4\uc6b0\uc18c\ub098\ub8e8\ub294 \uc0ac\ubc95\ud1b5\uce58(juristocracy)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\ub85c \ud68c\uadc0\ud588\ub2e4\uac00 \uc120\uac70\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub8f0\ub77c \ub2e4 \uc2e4\ubc14 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc774 \ub2f9\uc120\ub428\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ubcf5\uc6d0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8\ub4e4\uc740 \ud5cc\ubc95\uac1c\uc815\uacfc \uad6d\ubbfc\ud22c\ud45c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0ac\ubc95\ubd80\ub97c \ud611\ubc15\ud558\uace0 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc801\uc778 \uad8c\ub825\ubd84\ub9bd\uc758 \uc81c\uc57d\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ud574\ubc29\ub418\uc5b4 \uc758\ud68c\ub97c \ud1b5\ubc95\ubd80\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uace0, \uacf5\uacf5\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub97c \uce5c\uc5ec \uaddc\uc81c\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \ud1b5\uc81c \ud558\uc5d0 \ub450\uc5c8\uace0, \uc815\ubcf4\uae30\uad00\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uacf5\uacf5 \uad00\ub8cc\ub4e4\uc744 \uad8c\ub825\uc758 \ub2f9\ud30c\uc801 \uc774\uc775\uc5d0 \ubcf5\ubb34\ud558\uac8c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc2e0\ud765\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ud1f4\ud589\uc740 \uc2a4\ud154\uc2a4(stealth) \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8\ub4e4\uc740 \ud55c\uaebc\ubc88\uc5d0 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc744 \uce58\uba85\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud30c\uad34\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc804\ubcf5\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc790\uc720\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ubc95\uacfc \uc81c\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc744 \u2018\ud569\ubc95\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\u2019 \ud558\ub098\uc529 \ud558\ub098\uc529 \uc18c\ub9ac \uc5c6\uc774 \ud6fc\uc190\ud558\ub294 \uc2a4\ud154\uc2a4 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \ucde8\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\uba85\ubc15 \uc815\uad8c(2007-2012)\uc774 \uadf9\ub2e8\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0\uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \ucc44\ud0dd\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ud6c4\ud1f4\uac00 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4. 2008\ub144 \uad11\uc6b0\ubcd1 \uc18c\uace0\uae30 \uc218\uc785\ubc18\ub300 \ucd1b\ubd88\uc9d1\ud68c \ud6c4, \uc5b8\ub860\uacfc \uc9d1\ud68c\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uac00 \uc81c\ud55c\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \ubc95\uce58\uc8fc\uc758(rule of law)\uac00 \ubc95\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc9c0\ubc30(rule by law)\ub85c \ubcc0\ubaa8\ud558\uc5ec \ubc95\uc774 \uc778\uad8c\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub294 \uc218\ub2e8\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc9c0\ubc30\uc790\uc758 \ud1b5\uce58\ub97c \uc815\ub2f9\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uc218\ub2e8\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \ud6c4\ud1f4\ub294 \ubc15\uadfc\ud61c \uc815\ubd80 \ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uc810\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud588\ub2e4. \ubc15\uadfc\ud61c \uc815\ubd80 \ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ud6c4\ud1f4\ub97c \uac00\uc838\uc628 \uc694\uc778\uc740 \uc804\uadfc\ub300\uc801 \uac00\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758(patrimonialism), \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uc778 \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc790 \ubc15\uc815\ud76c\ub97c \ub530\ub77c\ud558\ub294 \uc720\ud6c8\ud1b5\uce58(rule by regency), \ubc15\uadfc\ud61c\uc758 \ubd88\ud1b5\ud1b5\uce58\uc640 \ubcf4\ub098\ud30c\ub974\ud2f0\uc998, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc804\uadfc\ub300\uc801 \uc8fc\uc220\uc8fc\uc758\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubc15\uadfc\ud61c \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc740 2016-2017\ub144\uc758 \ucd1b\ubd88\ud601\uba85\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud0c4\ud575\uc744 \ub2f9\ud558\uace0 2017\ub144 \uc801\ubc95\ud55c \uc808\ucc28\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubb38\uc7ac\uc778 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc774 \uc120\ucd9c\ub428\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud55c\uad6d \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ubcf5\uc6d0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud55c\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ubc15\uadfc\ud61c \ud0c4\ud575 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc801\ubc95\ud55c \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \ubc1f\uc544 \ubb38\uc7ac\uc778\uc744 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc5d0 \uc120\ucd9c\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uac80\ucc30\ucd1d\uc7a5 \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8 \uc724\uc11d\uc5f4\uc744 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\ucd9c\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud55c\uad6d \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud1f4\ud589\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\ud55c\uad6d \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc704\uae30\uc640 \ubcf5\uc6d0<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u201c\ucd5c\uace0\uc758 \uc2dc\uc808\uc774\uc790 \ucd5c\uc545\uc758 \uc2dc\uc808, \uc9c0\ud61c\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\uc774\uc790 \uc5b4\ub9ac\uc11d\uc74c\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\uc600\ub2e4. \ubbff\uc74c\uc758 \uc138\uae30\uc774\uc790 \uc758\uc2ec\uc758 \uc138\uae30\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \ube5b\uc758 \uacc4\uc808\uc774\uc790 \uc5b4\ub460\uc758 \uacc4\uc808\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud76c\ub9dd\uc758 \ubd04\uc774\uba74\uc11c \uace7 \uc808\ub9dd\uc758 \uaca8\uc6b8\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.\u201d (\ucc30\uc2a4 \ub514\ud0a8\uc2a8, \u300e\ub450 \ub3c4\uc2dc \uc774\uc57c\uae30\u300f)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc6b0\ub9ac \ub300\ud55c\ubbfc\uad6d \uad6d\ubbfc\uc740 1987\ub144 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654 \uc774\ud6c4 \u2018\ucd5c\uace0\uc758 \uc2dc\uc808\u2019\uc744 \ud5a5\uc720\ud558\ub2e4\uac00 \uc5b4\ub9ac\uc11d\uc740 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790 \uc724\uc11d\uc5f4\uc758 \uad70\ub300\ub97c \ub3d9\uc6d0\ud55c \ucfe0\ub370\ud0c0 \uae30\ub3c4\ub85c 1987\ub144 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654 \uc774\ud6c4 \u2018\ucd5c\uc545\uc758 \uc2dc\uc808\u2019\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uae40\uc601\uc0bc \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc774 \ud558\ub098\ud68c\ub97c \ucc99\uacb0\ud558\uace0 12.12 \uad70\ubd80 \ucfe0\ub370\ud0c0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc5ed\uc778 \ub450 \uc804\uc9c1 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc744 \uc0ac\ubc95\ucc98\ub9ac\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ub300\ud55c\ubbfc\uad6d\uc740 \ucfe0\ub370\ud0c0\uc758 \uc704\ud611\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc601\uc6d0\ud788 \uba74\uc5ed\ub420 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubbff\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \uc548\uc815\uc740 \ud574\ubc29 \ud6c4 \ucd5c\uc7a5 \uc2dc\uac04 \uc9c0\uc18d\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \ud55c\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uacf5\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uacbd\uc7c1\uc801\uc778 \uc120\uac70\ub97c \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uad50\uccb4\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub2f9\uc5f0\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \ub0a0\ubcbc\ub77d\ucc98\ub7fc \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uce5c\uc704\ucfe0\ub370\ud0c0\ub85c 70\ub144\ub300\uc640 80\ub144\ub300\uc758 \ucfe0\ub370\ud0c0\uac00 21\uc138\uae30 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ucd9c\ubab0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ub370 \ub300\ud574 \uace0\ud1b5\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6cc\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2024\ub144 12.3 \uc0ac\ud0dc\ub294 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uacbd\uc81c\ub97c \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ub2ec\uc131\ud558\uc5ec 20\uc138\uae30 \uc9c0\uad6c\ucd0c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \uc120\uc9c4\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c4\uc785\ud55c \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uad6d\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \ucda9\uaca9\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. 12.3 \ucfe0\ub370\ud0c0\ub85c \ud55c\uad6d\uc740 \u201c1975\ub144 \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098\uc758 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc18c\ub4dd\uc778 6,055\ub2ec\ub7ec\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc798 \uc0ac\ub294 \uc120\uc9c4\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ubb34\ub108\uc9c4 \uc801\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4\u201d\ub294 \u201c\uc544\ub2f4 \uc250\ubcf4\ub974\uc2a4\ud0a4(Adam Przeworski)\uc758 \ubc95\uce59\u201d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc608\uc678\uac00 \ub41c \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \uc218\uce58\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uc0ac\ub840\ub97c \uae30\ub85d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(Przeworski, et al., 1996). \uc9c0\uae08 \ud55c\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ubb34\ub108\uc9c4 \uad6d\uaca9, \uad6d\uac00 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc758 \uc0c1\uc2e4, \ub300\uc678\uc801 \uc548\ubcf4 \ubd88\uc548, \uc11c\ubbfc\uacbd\uc81c\uc758 \ubd95\uad34\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc2e4\ud328\ud55c \ucfe0\ub370\ud0c0\uc758 \ud6c4\uc720\uc99d\uc744 \uacaa\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud55c\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5b4\ub9ac\uc11d\uc740 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ucfe0\ub370\ud0c0\uac00 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc744 \ub54c, \uc9c0\ud61c\ub86d\uac8c \ub300\ucc98\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubb34\uc7a5 \uad70\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uad6d\ud68c\ub85c \ub09c\uc785\ud588\uc744 \ub54c, \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\uc815\uc758 \uc5b4\ub460\uc744 \ub6ab\uace0 \uad70\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c4\uc785\uc744 \ub9e8\uc190\uc73c\ub85c \ub9c9\uc544\ub0b4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc218 \uc758\uc11d\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4\ubbfc\uc8fc\ub2f9\uc740 \uacc4\uc5c4\uad70\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\ub2f9 \uc9c4\uc785 \uc9c1\uc804\uc5d0 \uacc4\uc5c4\ub839\uc744 \ud574\uc81c\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc724\uc11d\uc5f4 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc744 \ud0c4\ud575\uc18c\ucd94\ud558\uace0, \uc9c1\ubb34\ub97c \uc815\uc9c0\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \ud5cc\ubc95\uc7ac\ud310\uc18c\ub294 \ube60\ub978 \uc18d\ub3c4\ub85c \uc724\uc11d\uc5f4 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud0c4\ud575 \uc2ec\ud310\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac14\uace0, 2025\ub144 4\uc6d4 4\uc77c \ub0b4\ub780\uc758 \uc218\uad34\uc778 \uc724\uc11d\uc5f4 \uc804 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc744 \ud30c\uba74\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc138\uacc4\ub294 \uc804\ubcf5\ub420 \ubed4\ud588\ub358 \ud55c\uad6d \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc801\ubc95\uc808\ucc28(in due course)\ub97c \ubc1f\uc544 \ud68c\ubcf5\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \uc815\uc0c1\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a8 \ud55c\uad6d \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \ubcf5\uc6d0\ub825(resilience)\uc5d0 \ucc2c\uc0ac\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ubcf5\uc6d0\ub41c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub0b4\ub780\uc758 \uc794\uc7ac \uc138\ub825\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uacfc \uc704\uae30\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uad6c \uc9d1\uad8c \ubcf4\uc218 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc758 \ud798 \uc815\ub2f9\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ucfe0\ub370\ud0c0 \uc6b0\ub450\uba38\ub9ac\ub97c \uc639\ud638\ud558\uba74\uc11c, \ucfe0\ub370\ud0c0\uc758 \uc9c4\uc2e4\uc744 \ubc1d\ud788\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ud2b9\uac80 \ud1b5\uacfc\ub97c \uc800\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc704\uae30\uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ubcf5\uc6d0\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc5b4\ub9ac\uc11d\uc740 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\uc758 \ubb34\ub3c4\ud558\uace0 \ubd88\ubc95\uc801\uc778 \ud589\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc801\ubc95\ud558\uac8c \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \ubb3c\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf9\uc6b0 \uc720\ud22c\ubc84\ub4e4\uacfc \ud3ec\ud4f0\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub4e4\uc744 \uac70\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\ub3d9, \ub3d9\uc6d0\uacfc \uac00\uc9dc\ub274\uc2a4 \ubc30\ud3ec\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc724\uc11d\uc5f4\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ubc8c\uc774\uace0 \uc788\uace0, \uc801\ubc95\ud55c \uc808\ucc28\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \ud0c4\uc0dd\uc744 \uc800\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uad6d\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \ub0b4\ub780 \uc218\uad34 \uc724\uc11d\uc5f4\uc744 \uad6d\ud68c\uc640 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc7ac\ud310\uc18c\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ud5cc\ubc95\uae30\uad00\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc801\ubc95\uc808\ucc28\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud30c\uba74\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ud604\uc7ac 6\uc6d4 3\uc77c\ub85c \uc608\uc815\ub41c \ub300\ud1b5\ub839 \uc120\uac70\uc5d0\uc11c \uacbd\uc7c1\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uacf5\uc815\ud55c \uc120\uac70\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc744 \uc120\ucd9c\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc724\uc11d\uc5f4 \ub0b4\ub780\uc0ac\ud0dc\ub85c \uc704\uae30\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud55c \ud55c\uad6d \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc815\uc0c1\ud654\ud558\ub824 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uae08 \ud55c\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc120\uac70\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc744 \uc120\ucd9c\ud568\uc73c\ub85c \ud22c\ud45c\uc640 \uc120\uac70\ub9cc\uc774 \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uc7a5\uc545\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \uae38, \u201c\uc6b0\ub9ac \ub3d9\ub124\uc758 \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \uac8c\uc784(the only game in town)\u201d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \ud589\ud0dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \uc758\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\uace0 \ub0b4\uba74\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uc815\uce58 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4(Przeworski, 1991).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\ub9fa\ub294\ub9d0<\/b><b>: <\/b><b>\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc704\uae30 \ud574\uacb0 \ucc98\ubc29\ub4e4<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud604\uc7ac \uc120\uc9c4 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uc2e0\ud765 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ub9c9\ub860\ud558\uace0 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \u2018\uc704\uae30\uc758 \uc21c\uac04\u2019\uc5d0 \uc640\uc788\ub2e4. \ud604\uc874 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc704\uae30\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc98\ubc29\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubcf4\uc218\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\uc640 \uc9c4\ubcf4\uc8fc\uc758\uc790 \uac04\uc5d0 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub808\ube44\uce20\ud0a4\uc640 \uc9c0\ube14\ub77c\ud2b8\ub294 \ubcf4\uc218\uc801 \ud574\ubc95\uc744 \uc120\ud638\ud55c\ub2e4(Levitsky and Zieblatt, 2018). \ub808\ube44\uce20\ud0a4\ub294 \uc815\uce58\ubcf4\uc2a4\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0\uc11c \ub300\uc911\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\ub85c \uc774\ud589\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub300\ud1b5\ub839 \ud6c4\ubcf4 \uacf5\ucc9c\uc744 \uc678\ubd80\uc758 \ud3ec\ud4f0\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc544\uc6c3\uc0ac\uc774\ub354\uc5d0 \ub118\uaca8\uc8fc\uace0, \uc804\ubb38\uac00\uc758 \uac80\uc99d \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uc81c\uac70\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ud3ec\ud4f0\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8\ud654\ub418\ub294 \uc704\uae30\ub97c \ubd88\ub7ec\uc654\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud53c\uc998\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc815\uce58\uc758 \uacbd\uc7c1\uc801 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\ud654\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \ub300\uc911\uc758 \ucc38\uc5ec\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc801 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\uac00 \uc8fc\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \uac08\ub4f1\uad00\ub9ac\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc815\ub2f9\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc18\ub300\ud30c\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc874\uc911\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8 \uc218\uc900\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\uc0c1\ud638 \uad00\uc6a9(mutual toleration)\u2019\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uac08\ub4f1\uc744 \uad00\ub9ac\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0\uc640 \uae38\ub80c\uc2a4(2018), \uc0f9\ud0c8 \ubb34\ud398(2019)\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc9c4\ubcf4 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc704\uae30\ub294 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \u2018\ub108\ubb34 \ub9ce\uc544\uc11c\uac00\u2019 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \u2018\ub108\ubb34 \uc801\uc5b4\uc11c\u2019 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc9c4\ub2e8\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74, \ubcf4\ud1b5 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \uc804\uad6d\uc801 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc640 \uc815\ucc45\uc5d0 \uc804\ud600 \ub3c5\uc790\uc801\uc778 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc744 \ud589\uc0ac\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ubd80\uc790\uc640 \ud2b9\uad8c\uce35\uc758 \uacfc\ub450\uc81c\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc555\ub3c4\uc801\uc778 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uc57d\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \u2018\ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\u2019\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ubb34\ud398\ub294 \uc88c\ud30c \ud3ec\ud4f0\ub9ac\uc998(left populism)\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790, \uc774\ubbfc\uc790, \uc131\uc18c\uc218\uc790, \ubd88\uc548\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4(precariats), \uc911\uc0b0\uce35\uc774 \ub300\uc5f0\ud569\uc744 \uad6c\ucd95\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\uce58\uc5d0 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc774 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ub354 \ub300\uc758\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc120\uc9c4 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uc2e0\ud765 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacaa\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ud3ec\ud4f0\ub9ac\uc998, \uc804\ubb38\uac00 \uad00\ub8cc \uac00\ub514\uc5b8\ub4e4\uc758 \uac1c\ud601\uc800\uc9c0 \uc2dc\ub3c4, \uc0ac\ubc95\ud1b5\uce58\uc640 \uc815\uce58\uc758 \uc5b8\ub860\ud654\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubd88\ub9cc\uc774 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uce5c\uc704\ucfe0\ub370\ud0c0\ub85c \u2018\ube5b\uc758 \ud601\uba85\u2019\uc73c\ub85c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ubcf5\uc6d0\uc2dc\ud0b4\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc704\uae30\uc758 \uc21c\uac04\uc744 \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc911\uc774\ub2e4. \uc704\uae30\ub97c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \ud55c\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc120\uc81c\uc801\uc778 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4 \ud601\uc2e0\uacfc \uc7ac\ucc3d\uc870\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \ud55c\uad6d \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ud1f4\ud589\uc758 \ubb3c\uacb0\uc5d0 \ud729\uc4f8\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \ub178\ub825\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p><strong>* \uc774 \uae00\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c\ub098 \uc11c\uc6b8\ub300\uc758 \uacac\ud574\uc640 \ub2e4\ub97c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner td_uid_7_69e36eec68558_rand  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_7_69e36eec68558_rand {\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner td_uid_8_69e36eec68641_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_text_separator title=&#8221;\uc800\uc790\uc18c\uac1c&#8221;]<div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text td_uid_9_69e36eec686d7_rand  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_3\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_9_69e36eec686d7\" \"><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uc784\ud601\ubc31<\/b><b>(<\/b><a href=\"mailto:hyugim@naver.com\"><u><b>hyugim@naver.com<\/b><\/u><\/a><b>)<\/b>\uc740<br \/>\n\uace0\ub824\ub300\ud559\uad50 \uba85\uc608\uad50\uc218\uc774\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d \uc2dc\uce74\uace0\ub300\ud559 \ub300\ud559\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uce58\ud559 \ubc15\uc0ac\ud559\uc704\ub97c \ucde8\ub4dd\ud558\uace0, \uace0\ub824\ub300\ud559\uad50 \uc815\uce58\uc678\uad50\ud559\uacfc \uad50\uc218, \uc774\ud654\uc5ec\ub300 \uad50\uc218, \uad11\uc8fc\uacfc\ud559\uae30\uc220\uc6d0 (GIST) \uc11d\uc88c\uad50\uc218\ub97c \uc5ed\uc784\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc870\uc9c0\ud0c0\uc6b4\ub300\ud559, \ub4c0\ud06c\ub300\ud559, \uc2a4\ud0e0\ud3ec\ub4dc\ub300\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd08\ube59\uad50\uc218\ub97c \ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc874\uc2a4\ud649\ud0a8\uc2a4 \ub300\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc138\uacc4\uc815\uce58\ud559\ud68c (IPSA)\uc758 \uc9d1\ud589\uc704\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758, \uadfc\ub300\uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804, \ud0c8\uc138\uacc4\ud654 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc640 \uacbd\uc81c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 \ub2e4\uc218\uc758 \uc800\uc11c\uc640 \ub17c\ubb38\uc744 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud558\uace0 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner td_uid_10_69e36eec688b5_rand  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_10_69e36eec688b5_rand {\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner td_uid_11_69e36eec68933_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text vc_custom_1747026634197 td_uid_12_69e36eec68981_rand  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_3\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_12_69e36eec68981\" \"><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc784\ud601\ubc31. 2021. \u300e\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uacfc \uc704\uae30\u300f. \uc11c\uc6b8: \uae40\uc601\uc0ac.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ucc30\uc2a4 \ub514\ud0a8\uc2a8. \u300e\ub450 \ub3c4\uc2dc \uc774\uc57c\uae30\u300f<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Levitsky, Steven and Daniel Zieblatt, 2018. <i>How Democracies Die<\/i>, New York: Crown Publisher<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mouffe, Chantal. 2019. <i>For a Left Populism. <\/i>New York: Verso.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Page, Behamin and Martin Gilens. 2018. <i>Democracy in America?,<\/i> Chicago: University of Chicago Press.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Przeworski, Adam. 1991. <i>Democraccy and the Market<\/i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Przeworski, Adam, Miachael Alvarez, Jos\u00e9 Antonion Cheibub, and Fernando Limongi. 1996. \u201cWhat Makes Democracy Endure?,\u201d <i>Journal of Democrac<\/i>y, 7(1), 39-55.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Przeworski, Adam. 2019. <i>Crises of Democracy, <\/i>Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t<script>\r\n\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(window).load(function () {\r\n\t\t\t\tjQuery('body').find('#td_uid_4_69e36eec6671d .td-element-style').each(function (index, element) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\tjQuery(element).css('opacity', 1);\r\n\t\t\t\t\treturn;\r\n\t\t\t\t});\r\n\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/script>\r\n\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<script>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(window).ready(function () {\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\/\/ We need timeout because the content must be rendered and interpreted on client\r\n\t\t\t\t\tsetTimeout(function () {\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvar $content = jQuery('body').find('#tdc-live-iframe'),\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trefWindow = undefined;\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif ($content.length) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t$content = $content.contents();\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trefWindow = document.getElementById('tdc-live-iframe').contentWindow || document.getElementById('tdc-live-iframe').contentDocument;\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t} else 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