{"id":7719,"date":"2025-04-08T14:32:52","date_gmt":"2025-04-08T05:32:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/?p=7719"},"modified":"2025-04-08T15:18:51","modified_gmt":"2025-04-08T06:18:51","slug":"world-conjuncture-a-core-concept-in-the-making-of-vietnams-foreign-policies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/?p=7719","title":{"rendered":"World Conjuncture: A Core Concept in the Making of Vietnam\u2019s Foreign Policies"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"td_uid_1_69e7c86e731a8\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row td_uid_1_69e7c86e731af_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_1_69e7c86e731af_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_2_69e7c86e73564_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span6\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_acf field_group=&#8221;7590&#8243; field_from_7590=&#8221;field_67bfe7996022d&#8221;]<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_3_69e7c86e7359f_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span6\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_acf field_group=&#8221;7590&#8243; 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C. Kien<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Seeing the World through the Lens of <em>Conjuncture<\/em>: A Vietnam-specific Approach<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A distinct feature of Vietnam\u2019s stance on international politics is prevalently recognizing and applying the concept of conjuncture and its variants by both Vietnamese political leaders and academia. Officially speaking, \u201cconjuncture\u201d can be considered the most possible English equivalent for <em>\u201cc\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n\u201d <\/em>in Vietnamese as it is defined by the Cambridge Dictionary as \u201ca combination of things happening at the same time\u201d, bearing much resemblance to a Vietnamese definition that \u201cconjuncture (\u5c40\u9762) is a Sino-Vietnamese word, often used by the Marxists in China and Vietnam to mention general developments and circumstances of struggles and disputes manifested in a certain period of time\u201d (Luoc and Hung, 2019: 10).<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[i]<\/a> Moreover, the official English edition of the Thirteenth CPV Congress Documents also used \u201cconjuncture\u201d to mention \u201cc\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n\u201d (Communist Party of Vietnam, 2021: 76).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">With regard to international politics, Vietnam\u2019s analytical frameworks are inclined to be based on the concepts of <em>\u201cc\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u201d<\/em> [international conjuncture], <em>\u201cc\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d<\/em> [world conjuncture], and <em>\u201cc\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n khu v\u1ef1c\u201d<\/em> [regional conjuncture]. The relationship between them can be explained as follows: \u201cThe international conjuncture has its own space and time. Its scope of space is determined by that of the international system. The time span of conjuncture is determined by its movements and changes. Accordingly, it is totally justifiable as far as the existance of world and regional conjunctures are concerned. Similarly, it is totally justifiable for the existence of conjuncture in a great historical period as well as in a shorter time span\u201d (Nam, 2023). To simplify, the world conjuncture is the international conjuncture at global level whereas the regional conjuncture is the international conjuncture at regional level. The implications of these concepts will be explained in more detail in the following sections.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The above observations reveal the Marxist ideological origin of \u201cconjuncture\u201d. As one study pointed out, historically in Vietnam, \u201cthe word \u2018conjuncture\u2019 was most commonly associated with phrases like \u2018battlefield conjuncture\u2019. The previous uses of such phrases as \u2018world conjuncture\u2019 and \u2018world economic conjuncture\u2019 were of certain historical political, and ideological significance. In the old worldview, when referring to the \u2018world conjuncture\u2019 or \u2018world economic conjuncture\u2019, people often relate to the conjuncture of the struggle between socialist and capitalist blocs, between capitalism and socialism, between capitalist mode of production and communist mode of production, between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat in the world\u201d (Luoc and Hung, 2019: 10). In recent Western studies of international politics and relations, unlike the spillover of such concepts as \u201cworld order\u201d or \u201cinternational order\u201d, the term \u201cworld conjuncture\u201d is less directly mentioned as a prominent research object. The essence of this phenomenon seemingly derives from the Marxist character of \u201cconjuncture\u201d on grounds that it reflects the historical perspective of dialectical materialism, as one Vietnamese Marxist scholar asserts: \u201cThe study of world conjuncture necessitates placing it in a concrete historical context and highlighting the salient features that are dominating international life\u201d (Thao, 2023: 148).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For all Marxist clout, one of the fundamental differences between Vietnam and China is that the CPV only uses \u201cconjuncture\u201d to officially characterize \u201cworld conjuncture\u201d whereas the formal usage of \u201c\u5c40\u9762\u201d in China should be much broader. In particular, in the Xi Jinping Thought \u2013 the current leading ideology of the Chinese Communist Party (CPC), this concept appears in numerous official expressions and aspects ranging from \u201c\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u65b0\u5c40\u9762\u201d [new conjuncture of reform and opening-up], \u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u9762\u201d [political conjuncture] to \u201c\u56fd\u9632\u548c\u519b\u961f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u65b0\u5c40\u9762\u201d [new conjuncture of defense and military modernization] (\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73, 2023: 83, 123, 167, 251). In terms of international politics, there have been incremental discussions on \u201c\u5f00\u521b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u5927\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u65b0\u5c40\u9762\u201d [Create a new conjuncture in major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics] (\u738b\u6bc5, 2024) mainly among Chinese scholars.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Compared with Western studies, this Vietnamese conjuncture-based approach to world politics is intensely specific since conjuncture and its derivative terms are not the dominant keywords in all mainstream schools of Western International Relations (IR) theory, especially Realism and Liberalism. This is not the case when it comes to the concept of \u201ctr\u1eadt t\u1ef1\u201d [order], which is shared by various Western and Eastern IR branches and widely accepted as an intrinsic concept to study international politics the world over, including Vietnam. In fact, the English translating ways of <em>\u201cc\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n\u201d<\/em> still varies in Vietnam (\u201cconstellation\u201d, \u201ccomplexion\u201d, \u201cconfiguration\u201d, \u201cconjuncture\u201d, etc.) while it is on contrary to the case of \u201ctr\u1eadt t\u1ef1\u201d, which has always been uniquely translated into English as \u201corder\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To sum up, socialist countries like Vietnam and China tend to apply the concept of conjuncture to analyzing the overall situations of certain fields in particular periods. In the case of Vietnam, \u201cover the past 20 years, the term \u2018conjuncture\u2019 has been mentioned a lot in policy documents, in various types of newspapers and scientific publications in Vietnam &#8230; However, the understanding of conjuncture still varies and is somewhat abstract. In the context of the world with countless rapid, complex, and unpredictable changes today, studying the connotation of \u2018conjuncture\u2019 helps to identify more promptly and accurately its changing impacts on international relations, providing more basis for forecasting the international conjuncture to ensure national interests\u201d (Nam, 2023). In other words, although there have been numerous opinions around conjuncture-related theoretical issues, it is indisputable that seeing the world through the lens of conjuncture should be a cornerstone to discovering Vietnamese political leaders\u2019 stance on international politics.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Defining <em>World Conjuncture<\/em> from the Vietnamese Perspectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Of the three mentioned-above derivatives of \u201cconjuncture\u201d, \u201cworld conjuncture\u201d has been the only one officially used by the CPV since 2011. The concept was first launched at the Eleventh Congress in 2011 and then continued to be updated at the Twelfth and Thirteenth Congresses. From the CPV\u2019s side, although they do not give a detailed definition in their official Congress Documents, it is possible to find the definition of world conjuncture through an official material edited by a group of CPV experts in 2016 to explain all major terms in the Twelfth Congress Documents.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-paragraph-padding-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><em>World conjuncture is the conjuncture in all aspects of the world, a panorama reflecting the relationship of forces and relations among the main actors of international relations, especially great powers and power centers in a certain space and time frame. In terms of its content, world conjuncture covers all fields ranging from economics, politics, military to culture and religion, etc. In terms of time frame, it can be a specific point or length (a few years) of time. Accordingly, world conjuncture can be understood as a relatively \u201cstatic\u201d picture of the world on a specific \u201cslice\u201d of time <\/em>(Phu et al., 2016: 76).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">There was another book published in 2021 on explaining all major terms used by the Thirteenth Congress Documents with no definition of world conjuncture, meaning that this has been the CPV\u2019s official interpretation of the concept to date.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Comparing this view with several recently proposed definitions, it is possible to see both convergence and divergence. On the one hand, a brief narrative depicting the world conjuncture as \u201cthe conjuncture in all aspects of the world over a certain period of time\u201d (Luoc and Hung, 2019: 10\u201311) shows clear agreement with the CPV\u2019s view. Despite supporting the view that world conjuncture reflects the world situations over a certain period of time, the following definition showcases an inclination toward a more centric observation by confining world conjuncture to several key areas and issues of international politics and economics. It asserts that world conjuncture is \u201cthe correlation of forces among superpowers or great powers as well as among other international actors in the core domains, first and foremost political, economic, military, and security; it is the appearance, operating institutions, and movement trends of the world in a certain period of time\u201d (Thao, 2023: 148).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On the other hand, the discrepancy becomes even greater in comparison with the perspective of an ongoing Key Ministerial Research Program in Vietnam, which states that \u201cworld conjuncture is not a \u2018big picture\u2019 of the world but the reflection of the most fundamental characteristics of each period in a world order &#8230; World conjuncture is constantly volatile. In other words, world conjuncture reflects the dynamic aspect of the world order\u201d (Thanh, 2021: 12). Thus, unlike the CPV\u2019s above-mentioned interpretation, some of the more recently published studies in Vietnam tend to predicate that world conjuncture encompasses the core features of world order in a given historical period, thereby representing the efforts from several Vietnamese scholars in identifying the relationship between <em>world conjuncture<\/em> (a Vietnam-specific concept) and <em>world order<\/em> (an internationally-accepted concept in IR).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In general, the curent mainstream understanding in Vietnam is inclined to hold that world conjuncture is a core element unveiling the most substantial characteristics of world order in a certain historical period. On grounds that Marxism-Leninism is identified as the CPV\u2019s traditional ideological foundation and guideline for action, this way of exposing world conjuncture-world order relations could be a good example of the CPV applying Law of transformation of quantitative to qualitative change, which is one of the three basic laws of Marxist-Leninist Dialectical Materialism besides Law of unity and struggles of opposites and Law of the negation of negation, as one study confirms that \u201cThe relations between \u2018world conjuncture\u2019 and \u2018world order\u2019 is the transformative relations between \u2018quantity\u2019 and \u2018quality\u2019. \u2018World conjuncture\u2019 always manifests itself in rapid changes whereas establishing a \u2018world order\u2019 is not easy. Currently, the world is in a state of transition and a struggle to form a new post\u2013Cold War world order. But that transitional state is bound to last long\u201d (Hoang, 2022: 24).<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>What Consitutes the World Conjuncture?<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As mentioned earlier, in recent years, there have been numerous Vietnamese definitions of world conjuncture, meaning the diverse connotation of this concept. Below is a comparison table of some notable interpretations regarding what constitutes world conjuncture:<\/p>\n<table width=\"604\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"117\"><strong>Interpretation 1 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(2016)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(Officially provided by the CPV theorists)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\"><strong>Interpretation 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(2021)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(Excerpt from a Key Ministerial Research Program)<\/td>\n<td width=\"112\"><strong>Interpretation 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(2022)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(Excerpt from a Ministerial Research Project)<\/td>\n<td width=\"131\"><strong>Interpretation 4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(2023)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(Excerpt from an article published in the Communist Review (online))<\/td>\n<td width=\"132\"><strong>Interpretation 5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(2024)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(Excerpt from an article published in the Communist Review (print))<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"117\">World conjuncture is often described through the main components as:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Structure based on a power comparison among major powers and centers <\/strong>(for example bipolar, multipolar, etc.); <strong>the correlation and relations among major powers and centers;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Major trends and characteristics of international relations; <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Position and roles of international organizations; <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Flashpoints and prominent issues in international relations.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(Phu et al., 2016: 76)<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">World conjuncture is defined by:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Major balances of power <\/strong>(reflecting power correlations and comparisons (both hard and soft power) among forces of important roles in dominating the world order);<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Mainstream patterns of relations<\/strong> (reflecting the basic characteristics and properties of the interaction among actors based on 4 main patterns: Cooperation, Conflict, Domination, Competition).<\/p>\n<p>(Thanh, 2021: 12\u201313)<\/td>\n<td width=\"112\">World conjuncture reflects the following:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Power correlation among the main forces across the globe<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong> <strong>Rules prescribed by commitments, binding agreements, and common patterns of interaction<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<p>3. Functional arrangements among states and international institutions;<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.<\/strong> <strong>Major occurrences and trends <\/strong>that are likely to make fundamental changes in international relations.<\/p>\n<p>(Quoc, 2022: 35)<\/td>\n<td width=\"131\">World conjuncture is identified by seven key factors, including:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Distribution of power <\/strong>(expressed in the number of great powers and the comparative correlation of power);<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Common relationship patterns <\/strong>(reflected in the trend of relations among countries; there are two main relationship patterns: conflict and cooperation);<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.<\/strong> <strong>Common institutions<\/strong> (reflected in two main aspects: international organizations and international law);<\/p>\n<p>4. Forces (actor groups of significant influence on international relations);<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Major trends in international life <\/strong>(the movement of nation-states and their policies in a general direction);<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. Common problems <\/strong>(those that threaten the fundamental interests of nations and have a wide scale of impact in the space of the conjuncture);<\/p>\n<p>7. Great powers\u2019 policy (reflecting great powers\u2019 objectives and manner of action over a certain period of time).<\/p>\n<p>(Nam, 2023)<\/td>\n<td width=\"132\">The connotation of world conjuncture consists of the following:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Power poles and centers;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong> <strong>Power correlation among the main forces and centers across the globe;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Great and subjective trends;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4. International connections and institutions;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>5. \u201cGame rules\u201d enforced by power poles and centers;<\/p>\n<p>6. International \u201cflashpoints\u201d and conflicts.<\/p>\n<p>(Son and Ngoc, 2024: 106\u2013107)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Table 1. Components of world conjuncture according to recent public interpretations in Vietnam<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>Source: Author\u2019s compilation<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">From the above comparison table, especially the items in bold (intentionally by the author, not original), the basic components of world conjuncture which have hitherto been widely accepted in Vietnam by both political and academic societies comprise:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong><em>Power relations among the world\u2019s major forces, typically major powers and power centers.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Dominant relational paradigms with two basic ones, namely cooperation and conflict, and other derivatives.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Common international institutions, typically international organizations and international law.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Major trends and common issues in international relations.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Of course, this is only a temporary confirmation because Vietnam\u2019s view of world conjuncture may change in the coming time according to both theoretical and practical developments in Vietnam and the world over. Moreover, as pointed out, a research orientation has recently emerged in Vietnam to place world conjuncture in close correlation with world order. The official view of CPV theorists also confirms this by asserting that world conjuncture is a slice of world order at a specified period of time, leading different conjunctures to emerging during the same period of a world order, or maybe in moments of transition from one certain order to another (Thao, 2023: 148).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner td_uid_7_69e7c86e74d98_rand  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_7_69e7c86e74d98_rand {\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner td_uid_8_69e7c86e74e85_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_text_separator title=&#8221;Author Introduction&#8221;]<div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text td_uid_9_69e7c86e74f25_rand  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_3\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_9_69e7c86e74f25\" \"><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Phung Chi Kien<\/strong>(phungchikien92@gmail.com)<br \/>\nis a lecturer at <em>Faculty of Political Science, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University<\/em> (VNU-USSH) and a visiting scholar at <em>Vietnam Center, Asian Center, Seoul National University. <\/em><em>Phung Chi Kien <\/em>has received his doctorate degree at VNU-USSH majoring in Politics. His major achievements are being the Principal Investigator for the VNU-level Project coded QG.20.30 and the Secretary for the Vietnamese State-level Project coded KX.04.34\/21-25. He has conducted research on world politics and Vietnam\u2019s politics and foreign policies, and has published articles and book on these areas which are <em>Political Patronage in Vietnam <\/em>(2023, book chapter, Cambridge Uni. Press), <em>Populism in World Politics and Recommendations for Vietnam<\/em> (2023, book, in Vietnamese), <em>Bipolar or Multipolar? International Political Relations 1945-1955 and the Correlations with the Vietnamese Revolution<\/em> (2024, monograph, in Vietnamese), etc.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text td_uid_10_69e7c86e7510e_rand  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_3\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_10_69e7c86e7510e\" \"><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Nguyen Lan Nguyen<\/strong>(lannguyen@ussh.edu.vn)<br \/>\nis a lecturer at <em>Faculty of Sociology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University<\/em> (VNU-USSH) and a visiting scholar at <em>Vietnam Center, Asian Center, Seoul National University. <\/em><em>Nguyen Lan Nguyen <\/em>has received her doctorate degree at VNU-USSH majoring in Sociology. She has conducted research on Vietnam\u2019s sustainable development in the context of Industry 4.0. Her recently-published monograph is <em>The Impact of Social Networks on Students\u2019 Learning and Lives: A Study of Facebook Use in Vietnam and Some References from South Korea <\/em>(2024, in Vietnamese).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner td_uid_11_69e7c86e752ab_rand  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_11_69e7c86e752ab_rand {\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner td_uid_12_69e7c86e75337_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text vc_custom_1743151911146 td_uid_13_69e7c86e7538e_rand  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_3\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_13_69e7c86e7538e\" \"><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Communist Party of Vietnam. 2021. <em>Documents of the 13<sup>th<\/sup> Party Congress<\/em>. Hanoi: National Political Publishing House.<\/li>\n<li>Hoang, Nguyen Huy (Ed.). 2022. <em>Final Report of the Ministerial-Level Scientific Project \u201cIndustrial Revolution and World Order until 2030\u201d<\/em>. Hanoi: Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences.<\/li>\n<li>Luoc, Vo Dai, Nguyen Manh Hung. 2019. <em>The Current World Economical Conjuncture<\/em>. Hanoi: Social Sciences Publishing House.<\/li>\n<li>Nam, Hoang Khac. 2023. \u201cAwareness of International Conjuncture\u201d. https:\/\/tapchicongsan.org.vn\/web\/guest\/the-gioi-van-de-su-kien\/-\/2018\/866802\/nhan-thuc-ve-cuc-dien-quoc-te.aspx (Accessed: 27\/Dec\/2024).<\/li>\n<li>Phu, Phung Huu, Nguyen Van Dang, Nguyen Viet Thong. 2016. <em>Interpretations of Some Terms in Documents of the Party Twelfth National Congress<\/em>. Hanoi: National Political Publishing House.<\/li>\n<li>Quoc, Pham Thai (Ed.). 2022. <em>Final Report of the Ministerial-Level Scientific Project \u201cTheoretical and practical basis for World Conjuncture\u201d<\/em>. Hanoi: Institute of World Economics and Politics \u2013 Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences.<\/li>\n<li>Son, Nguyen Hung, Nguyen Phuong Hong Ngoc. 2024. \u201cThe Connotation of \u201cWorld Conjuncture\u201d in the Current Situations\u201d. <em>Communist Review <\/em>1032 (2\/2024): 104\u2013111.<\/li>\n<li>Thanh, Dang Xuan. 2021. <em>Program Description of the Key Ministerial Program \u201cResearch on World Conjuncture to 2030 Serving the Goal of National Integration and Development in a New Era\u201d<\/em>. Hanoi: Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences.<\/li>\n<li>Thao, Nguyen Viet. 2023. \u201cFormative Context and Salient Features of the Current World Conjuncture\u201d. <em>Political Theory<\/em> 541 (3\/2023): 148\u2013151.<\/li>\n<li>\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73. 2023. <em>\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5b66\u4e60\u7eb2\u8981 (2023<\/em><em>\u5e74 <\/em><em>\u7248)<\/em>. \u5317\u4eac: \u5b66\u4e60\u51fa\u7248\u793e, \u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e.<\/li>\n<li>\u738b\u6bc5. 2024. \u201c\u6df1\u5165\u8d2f\u5f7b\u4e2d\u592e\u5916\u4e8b\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8bae\u7cbe\u795e \u4e0d\u65ad\u5f00\u521b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u5927\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u65b0\u5c40\u9762\u201d. https:\/\/www.gov.cn\/yaowen\/liebiao\/202401\/content_6926319.htm (Accessed: 15\/Nov\/2024).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner td_uid_14_69e7c86e75568_rand  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_14_69e7c86e75568_rand {\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner td_uid_15_69e7c86e755d2_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_text_separator title=&#8221;Endnotes&#8221;]<div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text td_uid_16_69e7c86e7560c_rand  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_3\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_16_69e7c86e7560c\" \"><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[i]<\/a> All English-language translations of Vietnamese sources are by the author.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t<script>\r\n\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(window).load(function () {\r\n\t\t\t\tjQuery('body').find('#td_uid_4_69e7c86e735e5 .td-element-style').each(function (index, element) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\tjQuery(element).css('opacity', 1);\r\n\t\t\t\t\treturn;\r\n\t\t\t\t});\r\n\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/script>\r\n\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<script>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(window).ready(function () {\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\/\/ We need timeout because the content must be rendered and interpreted on client\r\n\t\t\t\t\tsetTimeout(function () {\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvar $content = jQuery('body').find('#tdc-live-iframe'),\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trefWindow = undefined;\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif ($content.length) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t$content = $content.contents();\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trefWindow = document.getElementById('tdc-live-iframe').contentWindow || document.getElementById('tdc-live-iframe').contentDocument;\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t} else {\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t$content = jQuery('body');\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trefWindow = window;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$content.find('#td_uid_4_69e7c86e735e5 .td-element-style').each(function (index, element) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tjQuery(element).css('opacity', 1);\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\treturn;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t}, 200);\r\n\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since its first appearance in the Eleventh Congress Documents of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV), the concept of \u201cc\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d [world conjuncture] has been the foundation for Vietnamese official discourse on the regional and world political landscapes. However, there have been debates about this concept\u2019s contents and its academic issues. As the CPV rushes to prepare for the summary of 40 years of \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi [Renovation] and the Fourteenth Congress scheduled for early 2026, it is an opportune time to look back on more than a decade of developing a Vietnam-specific international research approach based on the concept of world conjuncture. This article generalises this concept\u2019s basic connotations and identifies the relationship between world conjuncture and world order from the Vietnamese public perspective. On this basis, the article clarifies the elements of world conjuncture based on the Vietnamese viewpoints, from which the predictability of Vietnamese assessments, especially those of the CPV, for upcoming regional and international conjuncture could be, to some extent, improved.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7724,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[477],"tags":[1124,1126,1127,1123,1125],"class_list":["post-7719","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-477","tag-communist-party-of-vietnam","tag-foreign-affairs","tag-international-relations","tag-vietnam","tag-world-conjuncture"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7719","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7719"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7719\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7747,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7719\/revisions\/7747"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7724"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7719"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7719"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7719"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}