{"id":7481,"date":"2024-09-24T14:46:48","date_gmt":"2024-09-24T05:46:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/?p=7481"},"modified":"2024-10-31T13:35:05","modified_gmt":"2024-10-31T04:35:05","slug":"%ec%a0%80%ed%95%ad%ec%9d%84-%ec%9d%b4%eb%81%84%eb%8a%94-%ed%9a%83%eb%b6%88-%ed%8c%94%eb%a0%88%ec%8a%a4%ed%83%80%ec%9d%b8-%ec%a0%80%ed%95%ad%ec%9d%8c%ec%95%85-%ec%8b%9c%ec%97%90%ec%84%9c-%ed%9e%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/?p=7481","title":{"rendered":"\uc800\ud56d\uc744 \uc774\ub044\ub294 \ud683\ubd88: \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc800\ud56d\uc74c\uc545, \uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ud799\ud569\uae4c\uc9c0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\ubb34\ud568\ub9c8\ub4dc \uc774\ub974\ud310<\/strong>(Muhammad Irfan)<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uc74c\uc545\uacfc \uc800\ud56d\uc740 \ud558\ub098\ub2e4<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc74c\uc545\uacfc \uc800\ud56d\uc740 \uc800\ud56d \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c \ubab8\ucc98\ub7fc \uc11c\ub85c \uae34\ubc00\ud788 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \uc74c\uc545\uc740 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc608\uc220\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uc800\ud56d \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc8fc\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc74c\uc545\uc740 \uc801\uc744 \uc81c\uc555\ud558\ub294 \ucd1d\uc54c\ub3c4 \ud3ed\ud0c4\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc74c\uc545\uc740 \ud683\ubd88\ucc98\ub7fc \uc815\uc2e0\uc744 \uc77c\uae68\uc6b0\uba70, \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc74c\uc545\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc800\ud56d \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uc778\uc2dd\ud558\uace0 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc774 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \ub85c\ube48 \ubc1c\ub9ac\uc800(Robin Balliger)\ub294 1999\ub144\uc5d0 \uc4f4 \u300e\ub300\uc911 \uc74c\uc545\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf8 \uc0ac\ud68c(<i>Understanding Society through Popular Music<\/i>)\u300f\uc5d0\uc11c \uc74c\uc545\uacfc \uc815\uce58\ub294 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\uac8c \uc11c\ub85c \uc5bd\ud600 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4. \uc74c\uc545\uc740 \uad6d\uac00\ub098 \uacbd\uc81c \uccb4\uc81c\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc9c0\ubc30 \uad6c\uc870\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c \uc2f8\uc6b0\ub294 \uc218\ub2e8\uc774 \ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uba70, \ubbfc\uc871 \uc758\uc2dd\uc774\ub098 \uc560\uad6d\uc2ec\uc744 \ub2f4\uc740 \ub178\ub798\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\ud654\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4(Kotarba\u00b7Vanini, 2008; 73\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7ac\uc778\uc6a9). \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uacbd\ud5a5\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc911\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub69c\ub837\uc774 \ucc3e\uc544\ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1940\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0 \ub193\uc778 \uc774\ub798\ub85c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc815\uce58\uc801, \uc678\uad50\uc801 \uc218\ub2e8\uacfc \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \uc218\ub2e8 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc800\ud56d\ud588\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc800\ud56d \uc218\ub2e8 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc608\uc220\uc774, \uadf8\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc74c\uc545\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc800\ud56d \uc74c\uc545\uc740 \ud55c \uc7a5\ub974\uc5d0\ub9cc \uad6d\ud55c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70, \ubbfc\uc694, \uad70\uc0ac \ud589\uc9c4\uace1, \uace0\uc804 \uc74c\uc545, \ub3c4\uc2dc \ud799\ud569(McDonald, 2013, p. 6)\uc744 \ud3ec\uad04\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub9e5\ub3c4\ub110\ub4dc(David A. McDonald)\uc758 \ud45c\ud604\uc744 \ube4c\ub9ac\uc790\uba74 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc800\ud56d \uc74c\uc545\uc740 \u201c\uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc7a5\ub974\ub4e0 \uc758\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc74c\uc545\uc744 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc790\uacb0\uad8c \uc131\ucde8\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4(McDonald, 2013: 5-6). \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uacb0\ud63c\uc2dd\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc800\ud56d\uc744 \uc678\uce58\ub294 \ub178\ub798\ub97c \ub4e4\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uace0, \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc2dc\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uacb0\ud63c\uc2dd \ub178\ub798\ub97c \ubd80\ub974\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4(McDonald, 2013: 4).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569\uc5d0 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 1998\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac70\uc2ac\ub7ec \uc62c\ub77c\uac04\ub2e4. \ubc14\ub85c \uc774 \ud574\uc5d0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774 \uc810\ub839\ud55c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ub9c8\uc744\uc778 \ub9ac\ub4dc(Lyd) \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \uc544\ub78d \uccad\ub144 \ud0c0\uba54\ub974 \ub098\ud30c\ub974(Tamer Nafar)\uac00 \u201cUntouchable\u201d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \ub370\ubdd4\ud588\ub2e4(Batterridge-Moes, 2021). 1\ub144 \ub4a4\uc778 1999\ub144 \ub098\ud30c\ub974\ub294 \ud615\uc81c\uc778 \uc218\ud5ec \ub098\ud30c\ub974(Suhell Nafar), \uce5c\uad6c \ub9c8\ud750\ubb34\ub4dc \uc988\ub808\ub808(Mahmood Jrere)\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ud799\ud569 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc744 \uacb0\uc131\ud588\uace0, \uadf8\ub8f9\uba85\uc744 \uc544\ub78d\uc5b4\ub85c \ud53c\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ub294 \u2018DAM\u2019\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc9c0\uc5c8\ub2e4. DAM\uc740 \ucc3d\uc791 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uba70 \ub178\ub798\ub97c \ub179\uc74c\ud574 \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc74c\uc545\uc744 \ubc30\ud3ec\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc8fc\ub85c \ub9c8\uc774\uc2a4\ud398\uc774\uc2a4(MySpace)\uc5d0 \uc74c\uc545\uc744 \uc62c\ub838\ub2e4. DAM\uc758 \uc2f1\uae00 \u201c\ub204\uac00 \ud14c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc9c0?(<i>Meen Erhabi?<\/i>)\u201d\ub294 \ud2b9\ud788 \ud3ed\ubc1c\uc801\uc778 \uc778\uae30\ub97c \ub04c\uc5c8\ub2e4(Batterridge-Moes, 2021). DAM\uc774 \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc810\ub839\uc9c0\uc758 MWR, \uc11c\uc548\uc9c0\uad6c\uc758 \ub77c\ub9d0\ub77c \uc5b8\ub354\uadf8\ub77c\uc6b4\ub4dc(Ramallah Underground), \uccb4\ud06c\ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8 303(Checkpoint 303), \ubcf4\uc774\ucfe0\ud2b8(Boikutt), \uac00\uc790\uc9c0\uad6c\uc758 PR (Palestine Rapperz) \ub4f1\uc774 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \ud799\ud569 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7484\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7484\" style=\"width: 1920px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7484\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image01.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image01.png 1920w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image01-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image01-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image01-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image01-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image01-696x696.png 696w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image01-1068x1068.png 1068w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image01-420x420.png 420w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7484\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569 \uadf8\ub8f9 DAM. 2015\ub144\uc5d0 \uc5ec\uc131 \ubba4\uc9c0\uc158 \ub9c8\uc774\uc0ac \ub2e4\uc6b0(Maysa Daw)\uac00 \ud569\ub958\ud588\ub2e4.<\/strong><br \/>\ucd9c\ucc98: DAM Facebook \ud398\uc774\uc9c0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/5vYXWhrtZxk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen title=\"DAM - Min Irhabii \/ \u062f\u0627\u0645 - \u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a (Lyrics Video)\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c\ub204\uac00 \ud14c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc9c0?(<i>Meen Erhabi?<\/i>)\u201d<\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778<\/b><b>, <\/b><b>\ub178\ub798\uc640 \uc2dc\ub85c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0 \uc800\ud56d\ud558\ub2e4<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc74c\uc545\uacfc \uc2dc\ub294 \uc544\ub78d\uc778\ub4e4, \ud2b9\ud788 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0b6\uc5d0\uc11c \ub5bc\uc5b4\ub193\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc694\uc18c\ub85c\uc11c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5 \uc18d\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uc544 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uad6c\uc5b4\uccb4 \uc544\ub78d\uc5b4\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ub418\uace0 \uc989\ud765\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c\ub2e4. \uc74c\uc545\uacfc \uc2dc\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c \ubc00\uc811\ud558\uac8c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc804\ubb38 \uc2dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uacb0\ud63c\uc2dd, \ucd95\uc81c\ub098 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc990\uac81\uac8c \ubaa8\uc774\ub294 \ud589\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\ub97c \ub0ad\uc1a1\ud55c\ub2e4(Darweish\u00b7Robertson, 2021). \ud478\ub77c\ub2c8(2013)\ub294 \uc544\ub78d\uc778\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uac00 \uc18c\uc124, \uc2e0\ubb38 \uae30\uc0ac, \uc5f0\uc124, \uc5f0\uadf9\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc7a5\ub974\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uac8c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c0\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \uace0\ub300\ubd80\ud130 \uc544\ub78d\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2dc\ub97c \ud45c\ud604 \uc218\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4(Furani, 2013: 81).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2018\ub178\ub798\uc640 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \ub41c \uc2dc\u2019\ub294 1948\ub144 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uad70\uc815\uc774 \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c \uc774\ud6c4 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc911\uc694\ud574\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc2dc\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uad70\uc815\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc800\ud56d, \uc790\uc720, 1948\ub144 1\ucc28 \uc911\ub3d9\uc804\uc7c1\uc758 \ud328\ubc30\ub85c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uacaa\uc740 \ub098\ud06c\ubc14(\ub300\uc7ac\uc559<i>Nakba<\/i>)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc18\uc751\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud478\ub77c\ub2c8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub300\uc911\ub9e4\uccb4\uac00 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \ubc95\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uac80\uc5f4\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\ub294 \uc740\ubc00\ud55c \uc800\ud56d\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \u2018\uc5b8\uc5b4\uc758 \uc9c0\ud558\uc870\uc9c1\u2019\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc27d\uac8c \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\uace0 \ub0ad\uc1a1\ub418\uace0 \uc554\uae30\ub418\uace0 \ud37c\uc838\ub098\uac08 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4(Furani, 2013: 81). \ub9c8\ub974\uc644 \ub2e4\ub974\uc704\uc2dc(Marwan Darweish)\uc640 \ud06c\ub808\uc774\uadf8 \ub85c\ubc84\ud2b8\uc2a8(Craig Robertson)\uc740 \ub9c8\ud558 \ub098\uc0ac\ub974(Maha Nassar, 2017)\ub97c \uc778\uc6a9\ud574 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uad70\uc815 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc4f4 \uae00, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uc815\ucc45\uacfc \uadf8 \uae30\uc800\uc5d0 \ub193\uc778 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \ub17c\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc800\ud56d\uc744 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uacfc \uc544\ub78d\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc804 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \ud0c8\uc2dd\ubbfc\ud654 \uc800\ud56d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud070 \ub9e5\ub77d\uacfc \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c\ub2e4\u2019\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uacbd\ud5a5\uc740 \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc2dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc4f4 \uc791\ud488\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc3e\uc544\ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub2e4\ub974\uc704\uc2dc\uc640 \ub85c\ubc84\ud2b8\uc2a8\uc774 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc608\ub294 \uac00\uc218 \uacb8 \uc2dc\uc778\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \ubc14\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc57c \uc720\ub2c8\uc2a4(Badriyya Younis, 1915\ub144 \ucd9c\uc0dd, 2001\ub144 \uc0ac\ub9dd)\uc640 \uc544\uc6b0\ub2c8 \uc2a4\ubc14\uc774\ud2b8(Awni Sbait, 1929\ub144 \ucd9c\uc0dd, 2008\ub144 \uc0ac\ub9dd)\ub2e4. \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc \uc5ec\uc131\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \ubc14\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc57c\ub294 \uc0ac\ub791\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ub178\ub798\uc778 \u201c\uad70\ub300\uc5d0\uc11c \uba40\ub9ac \ub3c4\ub9dd\uccd0\ub77c(<i>\u1e25ayyid <\/i><i>\u02bf<\/i><i>an il-jhaishi y\u0101 ghbaish\u012b\u2019<\/i>)\u201d\ub85c \uc720\uba85\ud558\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub178\ub798\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc14\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc57c\ub294 \uc808\ub300\ub85c \ud56d\ubcf5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc6a9\uac10\ud788 \uc2f8\uc6e0\ub358 \uc5f0\uc778\uc744 \uc790\ub791\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6cc\ub294 \uc5ec\uc778\uc758 \uac10\uc815\uc744 \ub4e4\ub824\uc900\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8 \ub9c8\ub860\ud30c \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub3c4\uc774\uc790 \uc544\ub78d\uc778\uc778 \uc544\uc6b0\ub2c8\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801, \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\uc640 \uace0\ud5a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc560\ucc29\uacfc \uc0ac\ub791\uc744 \ub178\ub798\ud588\ub2e4. \uc544\uc6b0\ub2c8\uc758 \uace0\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c 1948\ub144 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774 \uc810\ub839\ud55c \ub9c8\uc744\uc778 \uc774\uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4(Igrith)\ub294 \uc544\uc6b0\ub2c8\uc758 \uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud55c\ub2e4. 1976\ub144\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uc740 \ub178\ub798\uc778 \u201c\ubcf5\uc218\u201d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\uc6b0\ub2c8\ub294 \uc790\uc874\uc2ec\uacfc \uc874\uc5c4\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ud0a4\uba70 \uc0b4\uc544\ub0a8\uc73c\ub824\ub294 \ud22c\uc7c1\uacfc \uc5b5\uc555\uc5d0 \uad74\ubcf5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ub824\ub294 \uc758\uc9c0\ub97c \ub178\ub798\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub294 \ub178\ub798\uc758 \uccab \uac00\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c\ubd80\ud130 \uba85\ubc31\ud558\uac8c \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c\ub2e4. \u201c\ub098\ub294 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc774\uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4!\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc544\uc6b0\ub2c8\ub294 \ub610\ud55c \uad6d\uc81c\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\uace0 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uacfc \uac00\uae4c\uc6e0\uc73c\uba70, \uc77c\ubd80 \uc791\ud488\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc640 \ub18d\ubbfc, \uad6d\uc81c\uc801 \uc5f0\ub300\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub974\uc704\uc2dc\uc640 \ub85c\ubc84\ud2b8\uc2a8\uc740 \u201c\uc544\uc6b0\ub2c8\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc, \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub3c4, \uc720\ub300\uc778 \uad00\uacc4\uc758 \ubbf8\ub798\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 \uadf8\ub824\ub0c8\uace0, \ub178\ub798\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \u2018\ud33d\ucc3d \uc815\ucc45\uacfc \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ubc84\ub9ac\uace0 \uc544\ud750\ub9c8\ub4dc\uc640 \ud558\uc784\uacfc \ud55c\ub098\uac00 \ud3c9\ud654\ub86d\uac8c \uc0b4\uac8c \ud574\ub77c!\u2019\ub85c \uc678\ucce4\ub2e4(Sbait, 1976a, 1976b: 23).\u201d \ud478\ub77c\ub2c8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 1967\ub144 3\ucc28 \uc911\ub3d9\uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \ub05d\ub09c \ud6c4 \ubb38\ud559\ud3c9\ub860\uac00\uc774\uc790 \uc18c\uc124\uac00\uc778 \uac13\uc0b0 \uce74\ub098\ud30c\ub2c8(Ghassan Kanafani)\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc791\ud488\uc744 \u2018\uc800\ud56d \ubb38\ud559(<i>adab al-muqawama<\/i>)\u2019\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\ub958\ud588\ub2e4(Furani, 2013: 86).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u201c<\/b><b>\ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub97c \ub0b4\ub824\uba74 \uc6a9\uae30\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud560 \ub54c<\/b><b>\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub178\ub798\ub85c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uc2dc\ub294 \ub610\ud55c \uacb0\ud63c\uc2dd\uacfc\ub3c4 \ub5bc\uc5b4 \ub193\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b8\uae09\ub418\uc5c8\ub4ef\uc774 \ub9e5\ub3c4\ub0a0\ub4dc\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uacb0\ud63c\uc2dd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc800\ud56d\uc744 \uc678\uce58\ub294 \ub178\ub798\ub97c, \uc2dc\uc704 \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uacb0\ud63c \ub178\ub798\ub97c \ubd80\ub974\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc544\ub78d\uc778 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c \uacb0\ud63c\uc2dd\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ud589\uc0ac\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uacfc \ubc00\uc811\ud558\uac8c \uad00\ub828\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uacb0\ud63c\uc2dd, \ud2b9\ud788 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc640 \ub9c8\uc744 \uc8fc\uc694 \uad11\uc7a5(\ubc14\uc774\ub2e4\ub974, <i>Bydar<\/i>)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\ub9ac\ub294 \uacb0\ud63c\uc2dd\uc740 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ud589\uc0ac\ub2e4. \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \ubaa8\uc774\ub294 \ud589\uc0ac\uc778 \uacb0\ud63c\uc2dd\uc740 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud558\uac8c\ub3c4 \ub5a0\ub4e4\uc369\ud558\uac8c \uc5f4\ub9ac\ub294 \ucd95\uc81c\uba70, \uc2dc\ub97c \ub178\ub798\ud558\ub294 \uac00\uc218\ub4e4\uc740 \uc794\uce58 \ubd84\uc704\uae30\ub97c \ub744\uc6b0\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7485\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7485\" style=\"width: 812px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7485\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image02.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"812\" height=\"854\" srcset=\"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image02.png 812w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image02-285x300.png 285w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image02-768x808.png 768w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image02-696x732.png 696w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image02-399x420.png 399w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7485\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>1930\ub144\ub300 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5 \uacb0\ud63c\uc2dd \ucd95\uc81c<\/strong><br \/>\ucd9c\ucc98: https:\/\/www.pikiwiki.org.il\/image\/view\/11009<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc14\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc57c\uc640 \uc544\uc6b0\ub2c8\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uac00\uc218\ub4e4\uc740 \uacb0\ud63c\uc2dd\uc744 \ub545\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc560\ucc29\uc744 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b4\uace0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uad70\uc815\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc18\uac10\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \uc790\ub9ac\ub85c \uc0bc\uc558\uc73c\uba70, \uacb0\ud63c\uc2dd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\ub78d\uc778\uc758 \ubbfc\uc871\uc801 \uc5f0\ub300\uc640 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc758\uc2dd\uacfc \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc744 \uace0\ucde8\ud558\ub294 \ub178\ub798\ub97c \ubd88\ub800\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \ud3c9\ubc94\ud55c \uac00\uc218\ub4e4\uacfc \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uc815\uad8c\uacfc \uacf5\uacf5\uc5f0\ud558\uac8c \ud611\ub825\ud558\uae30\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ud588\ub2e4(Darweish\u00b7Robertson, 2021). \ud478\ub77c\ub2c8\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc124\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\">\uacb0\ud63c\uc2dd\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc775\uc219\ud55c \ud589\uc0ac\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uac01\uc790 \uac00\uc9c4 \ub450\ub824\uc6c0\uacfc \ub098\uc57d\ud568\uc744 \uadf9\ubcf5\ud558\uace0 \ud568\uaed8 \ubaa8\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac83\uc774 \uc138\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc0dd\uc874\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc801 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc2dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub97c \ub0b4\uae30\ub97c \uac08\ub9dd\ud558\uace0 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub9cc\uc774 \uc904 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud53c\ub09c\ucc98\ub97c \ucc3e\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \ud5a5\ud574 \ub178\ub798\ud588\ub2e4. \uc2dc\uc778 \ud55c\ub098 \uc774\ube0c\ub77c\ud798\uc774 \ub9d0\ud55c \ub300\ub85c \u201c\ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub97c \ub0b4\ub824\uba74 \uc6a9\uae30\ub97c \ub0b4\uc57c \ud560 \ub54c\u201d \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub450\ub824\uc6c0\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c \uc6a9\uae30\ub97c \ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud588\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc2dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc800\ud56d\uc801\uc778 \u201c\ub178\ub798\u201d\ub85c \uc5b5\uc555\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc130\ub2e4. \uc544\ub9c8 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\ub294 1964\ub144 \uc80a\uc740 \ub9c8\ud750\ubb34\ub4dc \ub2e4\ub974\uc704\uc2dc(Mahmood Darwish)\uac00 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud55c \uc2dc\uc77c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub974\uc704\uc2dc\uc758 \uc2dc\ub294 \uc774\ud6c4 \ub178\ub798\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c0\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4(Furani, 2013: 89).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc870\uc149 \ub9c8\uc0ac\ub4dc(Massad, 2003)\ub294 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uc2dd\ubbfc\ud654\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub178\ub798\ub97c 10\ub144 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \uad6c\ubd84\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud615\uc2dd, \uc7a5\ub974, \uc8fc\uc81c\ub294 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub2ec\ub77c\uc84c\ub2e4. 1950\ub144\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130 \ub77c\ub514\uc624\uac00 \ub300\uc911\ud654\ub41c \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 \ub178\ub798\ub3c4 \ud37c\uc838\ub098\uac08 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, 1960\ub144\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \ud154\ub808\ube44\uc804\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ud655\uc0b0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30 \ub178\ub798\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\uc758 \uac00\ub9d0 \uc555\ub458 \ub098\uc138\ub974(Gamal Abdul Nasser) \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc774 \uc774\ub048 \ud601\uba85\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e0\ub8b0\uac00 \ub2f4\uaca8 \uc788\ub2e4. 1952\ub144 \uc555\ub458 \ub098\uc138\ub974\uac00 \ud601\uba85\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\uc744 \ub54c \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\uc778\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc544\ub78d \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uad6d\ubbfc\ub3c4 \uae30\ubed0\ud588\uace0, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uacfc \uc54c\uc81c\ub9ac\ub97c \ud574\ubc29\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uae30\ub300\ud588\uc84c\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc 1970\ub144\ub300\uc758 \ub178\ub798, \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 1967\ub144 \uc804\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ud328\ubc30\ud55c \uc9c1\ud6c4\uc758 \ub178\ub798\ub294 \uacfc\uac70\uc640 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc84c\ub2e4. 1970\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uce74\uc138\ud2b8\ud14c\uc774\ud504\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc720\ud1b5\ub41c \ub178\ub798\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud328\ubc30\uac00 \ub0a8\uae34 \uc808\ub9dd\uac10\uc774\ub098 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ub9c9 \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uac8c\ub9b4\ub77c \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uac70\ub294 \uae30\ub300\uac00 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4(Massad, 2003: 21).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uc2dd\ubbfc \uc9c0\ubc30\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc120 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc740 \uad6d\uacbd\uc744 \ucd08\uc6d4\ud574 \ub178\ub798\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. 1948\ub144 \ub098\ud06c\ubc14 \uc774\ud6c4 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ub178\ub798\ub294 \uc544\ub78d \uac01\uc9c0\ub85c \ud37c\uc838\ub098\uac14\ub2e4. \ub808\ubc14\ub17c\uc758 \ub098\uc790 \uc0b4\ub78c(Najah Salam), \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \ud30c\ub9ac\ub4dc \uc54c\uc544\ud2b8\ub77c\uc288(Farid al-Atrash), \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\uc758 \ubb34\ud568\ub9c8\ub4dc \uc555\ub458 \uc640\ud569(Muhammad Abd al-Wahhab) \ubaa8\ub450 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ub178\ub798\ub97c \ubd88\ub800\ub2e4. 1948\ub144 \uc791\uace1\ub418\uace0 1949\ub144 \uacf5\uac1c\ub41c \uc555\ub458 \uc640\ud569\uc758 \ub178\ub798 \u201c\ud544\ub77c\uc2a4\ud2f4(<i>Filastin<\/i>)\u201d\uc740 \ud070 \uc778\uae30\ub97c \ub04c\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4<\/b><b>, <\/b><b>\uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc800\ud56d \uc74c\uc545\uc758 \ucd9c\ud604<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub9e5\ub3c4\ub0a0\ub4dc\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubba4\uc9c0\uc158\uc774 1987\ub144 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5b4 1993\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubd09\uae30, \uc989 1\ucc28 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4(Intifada) \uae30\uac04\uc5d0 \ud65c\ub3d9\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae30\uac04\uc758 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc74c\uc545\uc740 \ub450 \ubd80\ub958\ub85c \ub098\ub20c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubc14\ub85c \uc21c\uad50\ub97c \ucd09\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ub178\ub798\uc640 \ud3ed\ub825\uacfc \uc774\uc0b0(\u96e2\u6563)\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uacfc\ub294 \uc804\ud600 \ubb34\uad00\ud55c \uc8fc\uc81c\ub97c \ub178\ub798\ud558\ub294 \ucd08\uad6d\uc801\uc778 \ud31d\uc1a1\uc774\ub2e4(McDonald, 5). 1\ucc28 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub610\ud55c 1970\ub144\ub300 \ucd08\ubc18 \uc11c\uc548\uc9c0\uad6c\uc758 \ubbfc\uc18d\uc720\uc0b0\ucd95\uc81c\uac00 \ubd80\ud765\ud558\ub294 \uacc4\uae30\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \ucd95\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbfc\uc18d \uc2dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871 \ubb38\ud654\uc640 \uad00\uc2b5\uc758 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc73c\ub85c \ub0b4\uc138\uc6b0\ub358 \ubc29\uc2dd\ub3c4 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc8fc\ubaa9\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4(McDonald, 2013: 124)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc5b8\ub354\uadf8\ub77c\uc6b4\ub4dc \uc74c\uc545 \ubb38\ud654\ub3c4 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc74c\uc545\uac00\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc9c0\ud558\uc758 \ube44\ubc00 \uc2a4\ud29c\ub514\uc624\uc5d0\uc11c \uc74c\uc545\uc744 \ub179\uc74c\ud574 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4 \ucd08\ubc18 \uba87 \ub2ec \ub3d9\uc548\uc5d0 \uc2dc\uc704 \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c1\uc811 \uc74c\uc545\uc744 \ubc30\ud3ec\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc815\uad8c\uc758 \ud0c4\uc555\uc744 \ud53c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc74c\uc545\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uac00\uba85\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4. \uc11c\uc548\uc9c0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc0ac\ubc14\uc608 \uc54c\uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4(<i>Sabaye al-Intifada<\/i>, \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\uc758 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4), \uc774\ube0c\ub098 \uc54c\ube4c\ub77c\ub4dc(<i>Ibna al-Bilad<\/i>, \ub545\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\ub4e4), \uc54c\uc544\ub9d0 \uc54c\uc0e4\uc73c\ube44(<i>al-\u2018Amal al-Sha\u2019bi<\/i>, \ubbfc\uc871\uc801 \ub178\ub825)\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc74c\uc545\uac00\ub098 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc774 \uadf8 \uc608\ub2e4(McDonald, 2013: 125).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc11c\uc548\uc9c0\uad6c\uc640 \uac00\uc790\uc9c0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc800\ud56d \uc74c\uc545\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud588\ub2e4. \uc11c\uc548\uc9c0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc800\ud56d \uc74c\uc545\uc740 \uc138\uc18d\uc801 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\ub098 \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc81c\uad6d\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \uc800\ud56d\ud558\ub294 \uc81c3\uc138\uacc4 \uac8c\ub9b4\ub77c \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \ub3c5\ub9bd\ud574\uc11c \ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uc74c\uc545\uac00\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\ud574\ubc29\uae30\uad6c(PLO, Palestine Liberation Organization), \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ubbfc\ud574\ubc29\uc804\uc120(PFLP, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine) \ub4f1\uc758 \uc800\ud56d \uc870\uc9c1\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uc74c\uc545\uac00\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc74c\uc545\uc744 \uc120\ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4. \uc11c\uc548\uc9c0\uad6c\uc758 \uc800\ud56d \uc74c\uc545\uc740 \ub610\ud55c \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc18d \uc74c\uc545\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc11c\uad6c \uc74c\uc545\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\ub3c4 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud55c\ud3b8 \uac00\uc790\uc9c0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc885\uad50\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uc218\ub2c8\ud30c \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uc8fc\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1 \ud558\ub9c8\uc2a4(Hamas)\uac00 \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uc7a1\uc558\uace0, \uc544\ub098\uc26c\ub4dc(<i>anashid<\/i>)\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uc74c\uc545 \uc7a5\ub974\uac00 \uc11c\uad6c\uc2dd \uc74c\uc545\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc778\uae30\ub97c \uc5bb\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub098\uc26c\ub4dc\uc758 \uac00\uc0ac\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c \ucfe0\ub780\uc774\ub098 \uc21c\ub098(\uc608\uc5b8\uc790 \ubb34\ud568\ub9c8\ub4dc\uc758 \uc5b8\ud589\uc744 \uae30\ub85d\ud55c \ucc45)\uc5d0\uc11c \ub530\uc654\ub2e4. \ub9e5\ub3c4\ub0a0\ub4dc\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \ud558\ub9c8\uc2a4\ub294 \ucfe0\ub780\uacfc \uc21c\ub098\uc758 \ud45c\ud604\uc744 \ud1a0\ub300\ub85c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud574\ubc29\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc778\uc2dd\uc744 \uad6c\uc131\ud588\uace0 \uc2e0\uc2e4\ud55c \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc\ub4e4\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc778 \uc6c0\ub9c8(<i>umma<\/i>)\uac00 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uac00 \uc9c0\ud5a5\ud560 \ubaa9\uc801\uc9c0\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ubbfc\uc871 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc774 \uc885\uad50\uc640 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \ud14c\ub450\ub9ac \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc815\uc758\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \uc544\ub098\uc26c\ub4dc\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud45c\ud604\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4(McDonald, 2013: 128). \uc11c\uc548\uc9c0\uad6c\uc640 \uac00\uc790\uc9c0\uad6c\uc758 \uc74c\uc545\uc740 \ub610\ud55c \ud45c\ud604 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4. \uc11c\uc548\uc9c0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc18d \ubb34\uc6a9\uc778 \ub2e4\ube0c\ucf00(<i>dabke<\/i>)\ub97c \uacf5\uc5f0\uc774\ub098 \ud589\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc27d\uac8c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubc18\uba74, \uac00\uc790\uc9c0\uad6c\uc758 \ud558\ub9c8\uc2a4\ub294 \ub2e4\ube0c\ucf00\ub97c \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc728\ubc95\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc30\ub418\uace0 \uc815\uc219\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4. \uacf5\uacf5\uc7a5\uc18c\uc5d0\uc11c \ucda4\uc744 \ucd94\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub0a8\ub140 \ubaa8\ub450\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ud589\uc704\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc545\uae30\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad00\uc810\ub3c4 \ub2ec\ub790\ub2e4. \ud558\ub9c8\uc2a4\ub294 \uc545\uae30\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574 \uc5f0\uc8fc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uae08\uc9c0\ud588\ub2e4. \uc544\ub098\uc26c\ub4dc\ub97c \ubd80\ub97c \ub54c\ub294 \ubc15\uc790\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \ub9ac\ub4ec\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0 \ubd88\ub800\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc \ub113\uc801\ud55c \ubd81\uc778 \ub2e4\ud30c\ud2b8(daff\u0101t) \ud55c\ub450 \uac1c\ub97c \uce58\uba74\uc11c \ubd80\ub974\ub294 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc740 \uc5b4\ub835\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4(McDonald, 2013: 129).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7486\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7486\" style=\"width: 733px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7486 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image03.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"733\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image03.png 733w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image03-300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image03-100x70.png 100w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image03-696x486.png 696w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image03-601x420.png 601w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 733px) 100vw, 733px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7486\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\ub2e4\ube0c\ucf00\ub97c \ucd94\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc18c\ub140\ub4e4<\/strong><br \/>\ucd9c\ucc98: https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palestinian_Dabkeh.jpg<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4 \uc2dc\uae30\uc758 \uc74c\uc545\uc740 \ucd5c\uadfc \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc778\uae30\ub97c \ub04c\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. 2022\ub144 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc601\ud654\uac10\ub3c5\uc774\uc790 \ubc30\uc6b0\uc778 \ubaa8\uc73c\ubbfc \uc2a4\uc640\uc774\ud0c0\ud2b8(Mo\u2019min Swaitat)\ub294 \ub9ac\uc544\ub4dc \uc544\uc640\ub4dc(Riad Awwad)\uac00 1987\ub144 \ubc1c\ub9e4\ud55c \ub4a4 \ud310\ub9e4\uae08\uc9c0\ub41c \uc568\ubc94\uc778 \u201c\uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\u201d\ub97c \ubc1c\uacac\ud588\ub2e4. \uc2a4\uc640\uc774\ud0c0\ud2b8\ub294 \uc11c\uc548\uc9c0\uad6c \uc81c\ub2cc(Jenin)\uc758 \ub0a1\uc740 \uce74\uc138\ud2b8\ud14c\uc774\ud504 \uac00\uac8c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9ac\uc544\ub4dc\uc758 \uc568\ubc94\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\ub0b4 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud14c\uc774\ud504 1\ub9cc \uac1c\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc0ac\uc11c \uc9d0\uafb8\ub7ec\ubbf8 5\uac1c\uc5d0 \ub2f4\uc544 \ub7f0\ub358\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc654\ub2e4. \uac00\ub514\uc5b8\uc9c0\uc640\uc758 \uc778\ud130\ubdf0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2a4\uc640\uc774\ud0c0\ud2b8\ub294 \ub9ac\uc544\ub4dc\uc758 \uc568\ubc94\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uacbd\ud5d8\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4. \ubc1d\uc740 \ub178\ub780\uc0c9 \ud14c\uc774\ud504\uc5d0\ub294 \uc544\ubb34\ub7f0 \uc124\uba85\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uace0, \u2018\uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uac00 \uc4f0\uc778 \uc2a4\ud2f0\ucee4\ub9cc \ubd99\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4(McKernan, 2022).<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ylE1WKDkPd0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen title=\"Intifada - Riad Awwad, Hanan Awwad and Mahmoud Darwish (1987)\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub9ac\uc544\ub4dc \uc544\uc640\ub4dc, \u201c\uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\u201d<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc2a4\uc640\uc774\ud0c0\ud2b8\ub294 \uc568\ubc94\uc744 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubc88 \ub4e4\uc73c\uba70 \uc783\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9b0 \uace0\ud5a5\uacfc \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ud22c\uc7c1\uc744 \uadf8\ub824\ub0b4\ub294 \uc2dc\uc801\uc778 \uac00\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub85c\uc7a1\ud614\ub2e4. \uace1 \uc911\uac04\uc5d0 \uc791\uace1\uac00\uac00 \uc790\uae30 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ub9ac\uc544\ub4dc \uc544\uc640\ub4dc\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \ub204\uac00 \uc568\ubc94\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubab0\ub790\ub2e4. \uc2a4\uc640\uc774\ud0c0\ud2b8\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9ac\uc544\ub4dc\uc758 \uac00\uc871\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\ub098\uc120 \ub4a4\uc5d0\uc57c \ub9ac\uc544\ub4dc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uc791\uac00\uc774\uc790 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uac00\uc774\uba70 \ub9ac\uc544\ub4dc\uc758 \ub204\uc774\uc778 \ud558\ub09c\ub3c4 \ub9cc\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc774\ubbf8 70\ub300\uc5d0 \uc811\uc5b4\ub4e0 \ud558\ub09c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \ub9ac\uc544\ub4dc\ub294 \uc804\uae30 \uae30\uc220\uc790\uc600\uc73c\uba70 \uc74c\uc545\uc5d0 \uc5f4\uc815\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\uac00 \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c \uccab \uc8fc\uc5d0 \ub9ac\uc544\ub4dc\ub294 \uac00\uc871\ub4e4\uc744 \ubaa8\uc544 \uc568\ubc94 \uc81c\uc791\uc744 \ub3c4\uc640\ub2ec\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ud0c1\ud588\uace0, \ub2f9\uc2dc \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\uc758 \ub178\ub798\ub97c \uc568\ubc94\uc5d0 \uc218\ub85d\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \ud799\ud569 \uac00\uc218\ub4e4\uc740 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \ub178\ub798\ud558\ub294\uac00<\/b><b>?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud799\ud569\uc740 1990\ub144\ub300 \uc911\ubc18 \uc774\uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569\uc740 \uc544\ub78d \uc804\ud1b5 \uc74c\uc545\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \ud799\ud569 \ube44\ud2b8\uac00 \ud63c\ud569\ub418\uba70 \ud558\uc704 \uc74c\uc545 \uc7a5\ub974\ub85c\uc11c \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud588\uace0 \uac00\uc218\ub4e4\uc740 \uc544\ub78d\uc5b4, \uc601\uc5b4, \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \ud788\ube0c\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub85c \uac00\uc0ac\ub97c \uc37c\ub2e4. \ud788\ube0c\ub9ac\uc5b4 \uac00\uc0ac\ub85c \uc4f0\uc778 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub178\ub798\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\uacfc \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc790\uc190\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9ac\ub4dc\ub098 \ud558\uc774\ud30c\ucc98\ub7fc \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774 \uc810\ub839\ud55c \ub545\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uacfc \uacb0\ucf54 \ubb34\uad00\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4. \ub9ac\ub4dc\uc758 DAM, \uc774\uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub098 \ud558\uc774\ud30c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\ub780 \uc791\uace1\uac00\uc774\uc790 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\uc778 \uc648\ub77c \uc2a4\ubc14\uc774\ud2b8(Walaa Sbait)\uac00 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc608\ub2e4. \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\ub780 \uc5ec\uc131 \ub798\ud37c \uc0e4\ub514\uc544 \ub9cc\uc218\ub974(Shadia Mansour)\ucc98\ub7fc \ud799\ud569\uc740 \uc11c\uad6c\uad8c\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc640 \uc774\ubbfc 2\uc138\ub300\ub3c4 \uc990\uae30\ub294 \uc7a5\ub974\ub2e4. \uc218\ub098\uc774\ub098 \ub9c8\uc774\ub77c(Sunaina Maira, 2008)\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc744 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucd08\uad6d\uc801(transnational) \uad00\uc810\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc815\uc758\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc815\uce58 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uacfc \uccad\ub144 \ubb38\ud654\ub294 \uad6d\uacbd\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4 \uc11c\uad6c\uad8c\uacfc \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc744 \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\uba70, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569\uc740 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubc30\uacbd \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569\uc740 MTV\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud22c\ud30d \uc0e4\ucee4(Tupac Shakur)\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d \ud799\ud569 \uc544\ud2f0\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub4e4\uc744 \uc811\ud558\uace0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. DAM\uc758 \ub9c8\ud750\ubb34\ub4dc \uc988\ub808\ub808\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \ud22c\ud30d\uc758 \ub178\ub798 \u201cHolla if Ya Hear Me\u201d\ub294 \uac70\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4\uc544\uac04\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uc9c0\ub97c \uadf8\ub824\ub0b4 \ub9ac\ub4dc\uc758 \uc544\ub78d \uccad\ub144\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uae30\ub97c \ub04c\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc774 \ub178\ub798\ub97c \ub9c8\uce58 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ucc98\ub7fc \ub290\uaf08\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \ub9c8\ud750\ubb34\ub4dc\ub294 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u201c\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc8fc\ud0dd\ub2e8\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\ub09c\ud558\uac8c \uc0b4\uc558\ub2e4. \ub9e4\uc77c \ubc94\uc8c4\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\uace0 \uacbd\ucc30\ub4e4\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub97c \ucad3\uc558\ub2e4. \ubba4\uc9c1\ube44\ub514\uc624\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub611\uac19\uc740 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc744 \ubd24\ub2e4. \uac00\uc0ac \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8 \uace0\ud1b5\uacfc \ud22c\uc7c1\uc774 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">DAM\uc740 \ucd08\uae30 \ubc1c\ud45c\uace1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \uc228\uae30\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ubc1d\ud78c\ub2e4. \u201c\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4(<i>hwn &#8216;anuldt<\/i>)\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \uace1\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9c8\ud750\ubb34\ub4dc\ub294 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub178\ub798\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u201c\ub0b4 \uc18c\uac1c\ub97c \ud558\uc9c0, \ub098\ub294 \ub9ac\ub4dc\ub77c\ub294 \uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \uc654\uc5b4<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333399;\">\uc138\uc0c1 \ubc94\uc8c4\ub780 \ubc94\uc8c4\ub294 \ub2e4 \uac70\uae30\uc5d0 \uc788\uc9c0<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333399;\">\uac70\uae30 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ud55c \uc798\ubabb\uc774\ub77c\uace0\ub294 \uadf8 \ub545\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\ub294\ub370\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uacfc\uac70 \ub178\ub798\ub85c \ubd88\ub9b0 \uc2dc\uac00 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud588\ub4ef\uc774 \ud799\ud569\ub3c4 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ubfcc\ub9ac\uc640 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uacfc \ubc00\uc811\ud558\uac8c \uad00\ub828\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uacfc \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569 \uc74c\uc545\uac00\ub098 DJ\uac00 \ub2e4\ube0c\ucf00 \ubbfc\uc694\ub098 \uc6b0\ub4dc \uc5f0\uc8fc, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc2dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2dc, \uc815\uce58\uc778\uacfc \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5f0\uc124\uc744 \uc11e\uc5b4 \uc0d8\ud50c\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ud754\ud55c \uc77c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">DAM\uc740 2006\ub144 \ubc1c\ub9e4\ud55c \ub370\ubdd4 \uc568\ubc94\uc778 \u201c\ud5cc\uc0ac(<i>Ihda<\/i>)\u201d \uac00\uc7a5 \uc55e\ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0 \uac00\ub9d0 \uc555\ub458 \ub098\uc138\ub974\uc758 \uc5f0\uc124\uc744 \uc2e4\uc5b4 \uc555\ub458 \ub098\uc138\ub974\uc758 \ud601\uba85\uc5d0 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ub97c \uac78\uc5c8\ub358 1950\ub144\ub300 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc74c\uc545\uac00\ub4e4\uc744 \ub5a0\uc62c\ub9ac\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc624\ub974(2011)\uac00 \ubcf4\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub294 \uc555\ub458 \ub098\uc138\ub974\uc758 \uc5f0\uc124\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc838\uc628 \ub3c4\uc785\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uacb0\ud569\ud574 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc218\uc0ac\ub97c \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b4\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ubaa9\uc801\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c DAM \uba64\ubc84\ub4e4\uc740 \uc555\ub458 \ub098\uc138\ub974\uc758 \uc5f0\uc124\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\uacfc \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \ud45c\uba85\ud558\uace0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc744 \ub2f9\ud669\ud558\uace0 \ub450\ub835\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub358 \uacfc\uac70\uc758 \uae30\uc5b5\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc77c\uae68\uc6b0\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4(Orr, 2011: 8).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud799\ud569\/\uc77c\ub809\ud2b8\ub85c\ub2c9 \ubba4\uc9c0\uc158\ub4e4\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uccb4\ud06c\ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8303 \ub610\ud55c \u201c\uac00\uc790 \ud574\uc548 &#8211; \ub2e8\uc870(Gaza Sea Minor)\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \uace1\uc5d0\uc11c \uac13\uc0b0 \uce74\ub098\ud30c\ub2c8\uc640 \ud638\uc8fc \uc5b8\ub860\uc778 \ub9ac\ucc98\ub4dc \uce7c\ud2bc(Richard Carleton)\uc758 \uc778\ud130\ubdf0 \uc74c\uc131\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4. \uc778\ud130\ubdf0 \uc74c\uc131\uc740 \uc794\uc794\ud55c \uc6b0\ub4dc \uac00\ub77d\uacfc \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc804\ub2ec\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uac00\uc790 \ud574\uc548\uac00\uc5d0\uc11c \ub179\uc74c\ud55c \uc18c\ub9ac\uc640 \uc624\ubc84\ub7a9\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub178\ub798\uc5d0\ub294 1972\ub144 \uce74\ub098\ud30c\ub2c8\uac00 \ubaa8\uc0ac\ub4dc\uc758 \ucc28\ub7c9 \ud3ed\ud0c4 \uacf5\uaca9\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \ub274\uc2a4 \ubcf4\ub3c4\ub3c4 \uc0bd\uc785\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \u201c\uc8fd\uc744 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc2f8\uc6b4\ub2e4!\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \ubb38\uc7a5\ub3c4 \ubc18\ubcf5\ud574\uc11c \ub4e4\ub9b0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ymbfnCcxNrQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen title=\"Gaza Sea Minor - Checkpoint 303, Ghassan Kanafani\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uccb4\ud06c\ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8303, \u201c\uac00\uc790 \ud574\uc548 &#8211; \ub2e8\uc870(Gaza Sea Minor)\u201d<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub7f0\ub358\uc758 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569 \ubba4\uc9c0\uc158\uc778 \uc0e4\ub514\uc544 \ub9cc\uc218\ub974\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub9e4\uccb4\uc778 \uc0ac\ub9c8\ub974 \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4(SAMAR Media)\uc640\uc758 \uc778\ud130\ubdf0\uc5d0\uc11c \ud799\ud569\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc810\ub839\ub41c \uc0b6\uc744 \uc0b4\uc544\uac00\ub294 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud558\uace0 \uc800\ud56d \uc815\uc2e0\uc744 \uc77c\uae68\uc6b0\ub294 \uac83 \uc678\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\uc774\uc790 \uc544\ub78d\uc778\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc744 \uc77c\uae68\uc6b0\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud588\ub2e4. \uc0e4\ub514\uc544\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \u201c\ub9dd\uba85\uc9c0\uc758 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\u201d\uc73c\ub85c \uc18c\uac1c\ud558\uace0 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ub178\ub798\uc5d0 \uc0b6\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc774 \ubc18\uc601\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc0e4\ub514\uc544\ub294 \ub204\uad70\uac00\uac00 \ub178\ub798\ub97c \uc4f0\uac70\ub098 \ub300\uc758\ub098 \uc870\uad6d\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub41c \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\ub97c \ud560 \ub54c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc544\ub78d \uc815\uccb4\uc131 \ub610\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uae38\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\ub140\uac00 \ubbff\uae30\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0\ub4e0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uac83 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc800\ud56d\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u201c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac \ubbfc\uc871\uc744 \uc65c\uace1\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub9cc\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc544\ub78d\uc778\ub4e4 \uc804\uccb4\ub97c\uc694. \uadf8\ub807\uae30\uc5d0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\uc874\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc874\uc7ac\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/21OXQ4m1-Bo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen title=\"SHADIA MANSOUR Ft M1 (DEAD PREZ)-AL KUFIYYEH 3ARABEYYEH (OFFICIAL VIDEO)\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc0e4\ub514\uc544 \ub9cc\uc218\ub974, \u201c\uc544\ub78d \ucfe0\ud53c\uc57c\u201d<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc0e4\ub514\uc544\ub294 \ub178\ub798\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \ubb38\ud654 \uc720\uc0b0\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud55c\ub2e4. \u201c\uc544\ub78d \ucfe0\ud53c\uc57c(<i>El-Kofeyye Arabeyye<\/i>)\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \ub178\ub798\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0e4\ub514\uc544\ub294 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc37c\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u201c\ub098\ub294 \uc0e4\ub514\uc544 \ub9cc\uc218\ub974<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333399;\">\ucfe0\ud53c\uc57c\ub294 \ub098\uc758 \uc815\uccb4\uc131<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333399;\">\ub0b4\uac00 \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \ub0a0\ubd80\ud130<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333399;\">\ub098\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \ucc45\uc784\uc84c\uc9c0<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333399;\">\ubd10, \ub098\ub294 \ub3d9\ubc29\uacfc \uc11c\ubc29 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333399;\">\ub450 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c, \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc790\uc640 \ubd80\uc790\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\ub790\uace0<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333399;\">\uc591\ucabd \ubaa8\ub450\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc0b4\uc544\ubd24\uc5b4<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333399;\">\ub098\ub294 \ucfe0\ud53c\uc57c<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333399;\">\ub124\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc785\ub4e0, \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0 \ub098\ub97c \ubc84\ub9ac\ub4e0<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333399;\">\ub098\ub294 \ub0b4 \ubfcc\ub9ac\ub97c \uc783\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc9c0, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubfcc\ub9ac\ub97c<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc0e4\ub514\uc544\ub294 \uc637\ucc28\ub9bc\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc744 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b8\ub2e4. \ud56d\uc0c1 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc804\ud1b5 \uc758\ubcf5\uc744 \uc785\uace0 \uacf5\uc5f0\ud574 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc744 \uc120\uc5b8\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4<\/b><b>, <\/b><b>\ub3cc \ub300\uc2e0 \ub9c8\uc774\ud06c\ub97c \ub4e4\ub2e4<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569\uc5d0\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uc800\ud56d\uc744 \uc774\ub048 \uc74c\uc545\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00 \uc751\ucd95\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. 1950\ub144\ub300 \uc2dc\uc640 \uc74c\uc545\uc774 \ud63c\ud569\ub41c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c \uc800\ud56d \uc74c\uc545\uc740 1980\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18\ubd80\ud130 1990\ub144\ub300 \ucd08\ubc18 1\ucc28 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4 \uae30\uac04\uc5d0 \uc560\uad6d\uc801 \ub178\ub798\ub85c \ubcc0\ud654\ud588\ub2e4. 1970\ub144\ub300 \ubbf8\uad6d \ud751\uc778 \uccad\ub144 \ubb38\ud654\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c \ud799\ud569\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569 \uc74c\uc545\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc8fc\uc5c8\uace0, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ud799\ud569\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubbf8\uad6d \ud799\ud569\uc740 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \ud751\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc28\ubcc4\uc744 \ube44\ud310\ud588\uace0, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \ud799\ud569 \ubb38\ud654\ub97c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30\ub97c \ubc1b\uc73c\uba70 \uacaa\ub294 \uacbd\ud5d8\uacfc \uc544\ub78d\uc778 \uc18c\uc218\uc790\ub85c \uc0b4\uba70 \ub9c8\uc8fc\ud558\ub294 \ucc28\ubcc4\uacfc \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc5ec\uae30\uace0 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc600\ub2e4. \ubb34\uc5c7\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 \uc2dc\ub97c \ub178\ub798\ub85c \ubc14\uafb8\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \uc624\ub79c \uc804\ud1b5\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud799\ud569 DJ\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc885\ub958\uc758 \uc74c\uc545\uc744 \ubbf9\uc2a4\ud574 \ube44\ud2b8\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uace0, \ube44\ud2b8\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc74c\uc545\uc744 \ud55c \uace1\uc774\ub098 \ud55c \ube44\ud2b8\uc5d0 \ub2f4\uc544 \uc544\uc6b0\ub978\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569 \uadf8\ub8f9\ub4e4\uc740 \ub2e4\ube0c\ucf00\ub098 \uc6b0\ub4dc \uc5f0\uc8fc\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc18d \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \uc791\uace1\uc5d0 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. DAM\uc774\ub098 \uccb4\ud06c\ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8 303\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud799\ud569 \ubba4\uc9c0\uc158\ub4e4\uc740 \uc2dc\ub098 \uc5f0\uc124\uc744 \ud799\ud569 \uc74c\uc545\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\uc640 \uacb0\ud569\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569\uc740 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uace0 \uc0c8\ub86d\uac8c \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0\ub294 MC \uc555\ub458(\ubcf8\uba85\uc740 \uc555\ub458 \ub77c\ud750\ub9cc \uc54c\uc0e8\ud2f0Abdul Rahman al-Shantti)\uc774 \ub450\uac01\uc744 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0c8\ub2e4. 2008\ub144 \uac00\uc790\uc9c0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \uc774 \uc18c\ub144\uc740 2020\ub144 \uac00\uc790\uc758 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uacfc \ub7a9\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc73c\ub85c \uc13c\uc138\uc774\uc158\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\ub2e4. MC \uc555\ub458\uc740 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc5b4\ub9ac\uc9c0\ub9cc, 1990\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18 DAM\uc774 \ud588\ub358 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ub7a9\uc744 \ubd80\ub974\ub294 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub09c \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \uac16\ucd98 \ucc44 \uc870\uc0c1\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc2dc\ub97c \uc4f0\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \uc774\uc5b4\ubc1b\uace0\uc790 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569 \ubba4\uc9c0\uc158\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c MC \uc555\ub458\uc774 \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \uc791\uace1\ud55c \ub178\ub798\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \ub9f9\ub82c\ud55c \uacf5\uaca9 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4\uc544\uc628 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc774 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub09c\ub2e4. 2021\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ud55c \uc778\ud130\ubdf0\uc5d0\uc11c \u201d\uae00\uc744 \uc4f8 \ub54c \ub0b4 \ud39c\uc5d0\ub294 \ud798\uc774 \uae43\ub4e0\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f4 \ub54c\ub294 \uba48\ucd9c \uc218\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uc774\ud06c\ub294 \ub0b4\uac8c \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \ud0c8\ucd9c\uad6c\ub2e4\u201c\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7483\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7483\" style=\"width: 1316px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7483\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image05.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1316\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image05.png 1316w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image05-300x101.png 300w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image05-768x259.png 768w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image05-1024x345.png 1024w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image05-696x235.png 696w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image05-1068x360.png 1068w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image05-1245x420.png 1245w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1316px) 100vw, 1316px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7483\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">MC \uc555\ub458\uc758 \uc720\ud29c\ube0c \ucc44\ub110<br \/>\ucd9c\ucc98: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCDqQ8S7zCgraYPxCCkGO8KA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/l8qay1Al7Dc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen title=\"MC Abdul - Shouting At The Wall (Official Video)\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\">MC \uc555\ub458, \u201c\ubcbd\uc744 \ud5a5\ud574 \uc678\uce58\ub2e4(Shouting At The Wall)\u201d<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc11c\uc548\uc9c0\uad6c \ubca0\ub4e4\ub808\ud5f4\uc758 \ud799\ud569 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc778 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\ud2b8(Palestine Street)\ub294 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4, \ud2b9\ud788 \ub09c\ubbfc\ucea0\ud504\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub294 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc774 \ud799\ud569\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc808\ub9dd\uacfc \ubd88\uc548\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc120\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc740 \ud799\ud569\uc73c\ub85c \uc77c\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 \uc194\uc9c1\ud788 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \ubc95\uc744 \ubc30\uc6b4\ub2e4. \uba64\ubc84\uc778 \ud5e4\ud30c\uc704(Hefawi)\ub294 \uc54c\uc790\uc9c0\ub77c\uc640 \ud55c \uc778\ud130\ubdf0\uc5d0\uc11c \u201d\uad70\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3cc\uc744 \ub358\uc838 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uace0 \uc808\ub9dd\uc744 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b8\ub2e4. \uad70\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3cc\uc744 \ub358\uc9c8 \ub54c \ub354 \ub098\uc740 \uc0b6\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud799\ud569\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud55c \ub4a4\uc5d0\ub294 \uac70\ub9ac\ub85c \ub098\uc640 \ub3cc\uc744 \ub358\uc9c0\ub294 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub97c \ud799\ud569\uc5d0 \uc3df\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.\u201c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub294 2013\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uc11c\uc548\uc9c0\uad6c\uc640 \ub3d9\uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc758 \ub09c\ubbfc\ucea0\ud504\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub294 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud799\ud569\uc744 \uac00\ub974\uce58\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud799\ud569\uc758 \ud798\uc744 \ubbff\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd84\ub178\uc640 \uc88c\uc808\uc744 \ub7a9\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc9c0\ud0a4\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc804\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \uc74c\uc545\uacfc \uc800\ud56d\uc740 \ub5bc\uc5b4\ub193\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc9c0\ub09c 10\ub144\uac04 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc800\ud56d \uc74c\uc545\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc5d0\ub294 \ud799\ud569\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><strong>\uc800\uc790\uc18c\uac1c<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubb34\ud568\ub9c8\ub4dc \uc774\ub974\ud310(Muhammad Irfan, irfanism90@gmail.com)\uc740<br \/>\n\uad6d\ub9bd\uc591\ubc0d\uc790\uc624\ud241\ub300\ud559\uad50 \uc11d\uc0ac\uacfc\uc815\uc0dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc74c\uc545\uacfc \ud558\uc704\ubb38\ud654\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uccad\ub144 \ubb38\ud654\ub97c \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc800\uc11c <i>Bandung Pop Darlings: Catatan Dua Dekade Skena Indie Pop Bandung 1995-2015<\/i>\u201c(2019)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\ub3c4\ub124\uc2dc\uc544 \ubc18\ub465 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc778\ub514 \uc74c\uc545\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc601\uc0c1 \uc5d0\uc138\uc774\ub85c\ub294 \u201dNumpang Gandeng: A Video Essay Explores The Indonesian Underground Music Scene in Taiwan\u201d (2022)\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. 2023~2024\ub144 \uac1c\ucd5c\ub41c \ud0c0\uc774\ud398\uc774 \ube44\uc5d4\ub0a0\ub808\uc5d0\uc11c \u201cHave You Ever Met Dao Ming Tse\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \uc8fc\uc81c\ub85c \uc804\uc2dc\ud68c\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud588\uc73c\uba70, 2024\ub144 8\uc6d4\ubd80\ud130 10\uc6d4\uc5d0\ub294 \ub300\ub9cc \ud0c0\uc774\ud398\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \u201cHave You Ever Met Dao Ming Tse\u201d for Taipei Biennial 2023-2024 in January and \u201cRocking Indonesia: A Cultural Legacy of The Rolling Stones in Bandung\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \uc8fc\uc81c\ub85c \uc804\uc2dc\ud68c\ub97c \uac1c\ucd5c\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Abou-Chakra, Razan. 2021. \u201cMC Abdul: Young Palestinian Rapper Drops His First Song.\u201d <i>CQ Middle East<\/i>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gqmiddleeast.com\/culture\/young-palestinian-rapper-mc-abdul-drops-his-first-official-song\"><u>https:\/\/www.gqmiddleeast.com\/culture\/young-palestinian-rapper-mc-abdul-drops-his-first-official-song<\/u><\/a> (\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c: 2024. 9. 9).<\/li>\n<li>Ashly, Jaclynn. 2017. \u201cPalestinian hip-hop group uses music as a weapon.\u201d Al-Jazeera. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/features\/2017\/1\/20\/palestinian-hip-hop-group-uses-music-as-a-weapon\"><u>https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/features\/2017\/1\/20\/palestinian-hip-hop-group-uses-music-as-a-weapon<\/u><\/a> (\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c: 2024. 9. 9).<\/li>\n<li>Darwiesh, Marwan and Craig Robertson. 2021. \u201cPalestinian Poet-Singers: Celebration Under Israel\u2019s Military Rule 1948\u20131966.\u201d <i>Alternatives <\/i>46(2): 27-46.<\/li>\n<li>El Roubi, Nadine. 2022. \u201cMusic of the First Palestinian Intifada Re-Discovered &amp; Restored.\u201d <i>Scene Noise<\/i>. <a href=\"https:\/\/scenenoise.com\/News\/Music-of-the-First-Palestinian-Intifada-Re-Discovered-Restored\"><u>https:\/\/scenenoise.com\/News\/Music-of-the-First-Palestinian-Intifada-Re-Discovered-Restored<\/u><\/a> (\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c: 2024. 9. 9).<\/li>\n<li>Furani, K. 2022. \u201cDangerous Weddings: Palestinia Poetry Festivals During Israel\u2019s First Military Rule\u201d. <i>The Arab Studies Journal<\/i> 21(1): 79-100.<\/li>\n<li>Kotarba, J., &amp; Vannini, P. (eds) 2008. <i>Understanding Society through Popular Music<\/i>. London and New York: Routledge.<\/li>\n<li>Massad, J. 2003. \u201cLiberating Songs: Palestine Put to Music\u201d. Journal of Palestine Studies, 32(3): 21\u201338.<\/li>\n<li>Maira, Sunaina. 2008. \u201c\u201cWe Ain\u2019t Missing\u201d: Palestinian Hip Hop\u2014A Transnational Youth Movement.\u201d <i>CR: The New Centennial Review <\/i>8(2): 161\u2013192.<\/li>\n<li>McDonald, D. A. 2013. <i>My Voice is My Weapon: Music, Nationalism, and the Poetics of Palestinian Resistance<\/i>. Durham: Duke University Press.<\/li>\n<li>McKernan, B. 2022. \u201c\u2018A journey through the past\u2019: Lost music of the Palestinian uprising is restored.\u201d <i>The Guardian<\/i>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2022\/jan\/12\/a-journey-through-the-past-lost-music-of-the-palestinian-uprising-is-restored\"><u>https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2022\/jan\/12\/a-journey-through-the-past-lost-music-of-the-palestinian-uprising-is-restored<\/u><\/a> (\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c: 2024. 9. 9).<\/li>\n<li>Orr, Y. 2011. \u201cLegitimating Narratives in Rhyme: Hip-Hop and National Identity in Israel and Palestine.\u201d M. A. Thesis., The University of Pennsylvania<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Hip Hop and People&#8217;s Resistance in Palesitne: From Sung Poetry to the Spirit of <\/b><b><i>Intifada<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>&lt;Abstract&gt; <\/b><\/p>\n<p>This article explores the hip-hop music scene in Palestine and its effect on the consciousness of the people\u2019s struggle there, especially among the youth. Hip-hop in Palestine was started by DAM, a Lyd-based hip-hop trio founded in 1999. They often express their feelings as Palestinian Arabs living under the Israeli occupation regime through their lyrics and rhymes. However, Palestinian hip-hop is not only about DAM. The scene appeared and developed gradually, becoming a torch that ignited youth awareness of the Palestinian struggle. It has spread the movement on the cultural scene not only in Palestine but also globally. Moreover, Palestinian hip-hop is not limited to musicians based in Palestine or occupied Palestine; it is also represented by the Palestinian diaspora.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Music and resistance in several historical struggles have become two sides of the same coin, deeply interconnected. Music, like any other art form, does not directly influence resistance movements. It is not a bullet that can immediately paralyze the enemy, nor is it a bomb. However, music can be a torch that ignites the spirit and inspires people to become conscious of or get involved in struggle movements.<\/p>\n<p>As Balliger (1999) is quoted by Kotarba and Vannini in Understanding Society through Popular Music, &#8220;music and politics are explicitly mixed.&#8221; Music can be a form of resistance against dominant institutions such as the state or the economic system, or it can support existing values, such as in national or patriotic songs (Kotarba &amp; Vannini, 2008, p. 73). This tendency is also evident in the Palestinian people&#8217;s struggle.<\/p>\n<p>Since the late 1940s, when the area was occupied by Israeli Zionists, Palestinians have employed various forms of resistance: political, diplomatic, and physical. Among these forms, the arts, including music, have also played a role.<\/p>\n<p>Music defined as resistance music in Palestine is not confined to a single genre. It can be found in rural folk songs, militarized marches, classical art music, and urban hip-hop (McDonald, 2013, p. 6). Quoting McDonald in My Voice is My Weapon: Music, Nationalism, and the Poetics of Palestinian Resistance, the best way to define music and resistance in Palestine is as &#8220;the conscious use of any music in the service of the larger project of Palestinian self-determination&#8221; (McDonald, 2013, pp. 5-6). In fact, in Palestine, protest music can even be found at wedding parties, or conversely, Palestinians may sing wedding songs as a form of protest (McDonald, 2013, p. 4).<\/p>\n<p>In this paper, I will focus my research on hip-hop music in Palestine. Hip-hop in Palestine can be traced back to at least 1998, when Tamer Nafar, a young Arab living in the Lyd area of occupied Palestine, made his debut as a hip-hop musician under the moniker &#8220;Untouchable&#8221; (Batterridge-Moes, 2021). A year after adopting the name Untouchable, he invited his friend Mahmood Jrere and his brother Suhell Nafar to join him. In 1999, the first hip-hop group in Palestine was formed, and the trio named themselves DAM (Blood).<\/p>\n<p>Gradually, the group began their creative process by recording a few songs. They independently distributed their music via social media, primarily through MySpace, where they uploaded their songs. An Arabic song titled &#8220;Meen Erhabi&#8221; (Who&#8217;s the Terrorist?) later became their breakthrough single (Batterridge-Moes, 2021). Hip-hop in Palestine is not dominated solely by DAM. Other groups include MWR, also based in the occupied Palestinian territories; Ramallah Underground, Checkpoint 303, and Boikutt in the West Bank; and PR (Palestine Rapperz) in Gaza.<\/p>\n<p><b>Poems, Music, and Palestinian Struggle<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Music and poems had close relations with Arabs, especially in this paper, Palestinian society. These things live in people&#8217;s traditions and are expressed in colloquial Arabic and characterized by their spontaneity. Music and poems are interconnected. The poems are often sung by professional poets at weddings, public festivals, and other joyous social events. (Darweish &amp; Robertson, 2021). Furani (2013) stated the primacy of poetry over other genres, including novels, newspaper articles, speeches, and plays stemmed from more than this connection to an ancient form of Arab expressive life (81).<\/p>\n<p>This \u2018sung poetry\u2019 became more important after Palestine was ruled by the first Israeli military regime (1948-1966). Most of the content tells the story of the resistance under military rule, freedom, and responding to the nakba (Palestinian catastrophe in 1948). According to Furani, those poems in this era functioned as an underground railroad of words among Israeli law subjected various media to official censorship. Poetry is easy to transmit, recite, memorize, and disseminate with relative freedom (81). Darweish and Robertson cited Nassar (2017), pointed out, the writings of the Palestinians during the Israeli military rule period, especially poetry and the role of culture, locate \u2018their resistance against the state policies and the Zionist logic that underpinned them, within the larger context of Palestinian, Arab and international struggles for decolonization\u2019. We can trace these tendencies from several works made by Palestinian poets in that era.<\/p>\n<p>Darweish and Robertson, for example, documented some works sung by two Palestinian poetry-singer, Badriyya Younis (1915-2001) and Awni Sbait (1929-2008). Badriyya, a female Muslim poetry-singer widely known for her love song \u2018<i>\u1e25ayyid <\/i><i>\u02bf<\/i><i>an il-jhaishi y\u0101 ghbaish\u012b<\/i>\u2019 (\u2018Keep Away from the Army\u2019). This song talks about the pride of a woman in her boyfriend who is known as a courageous fighter that always refused to surrender. Meanwhile, Awni was the male poetry-singer from Arab Christian Maronite community. His works focused on social and political issues and connection to and love for the homeland. Iqrith, his village that occupied by Israel in 1948 was central topic of Awni\u2019s poems. His song, \u201cRevenge\u201d (1976) for example, describes his struggle to survive with pride and respect, and his refusal to bow to oppression. This poetry-song started with the explicit lyrics: I was born in Free Iqrith!<\/p>\n<p>Awni is also known as an internationalist and close to the communist idea. Some of his works related to the workers and peasants or international solidarity. Darweish and Robertson wrote: \u201cHe articulated the future relationship between Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Palestine, using song to urge Israeli leaders to \u2018leave your expansion policy and racism, and let Ahmad, Haim and Hanna live in peace\u2019 (Sbait, 1976a, 1976b, p. 23)\u201d. According to Furani, after the 1967 war, literary critic and novelist Ghassan Kanafani started to promote these kinds of works as adab al-muqawama (resistance literature) (86).<\/p>\n<p>Sung poetry was also not divided from the wedding party. As I mentioned above, according to McDonald, we can find protest songs at the wedding party, or vice versa, wedding songs at the protest. This phenomenon is related to the wedding party that consider a significant social occasion for the Arabs\/Palestinian community. Wedding parties, especially those held in the main square (Bydar) would become an important event for the community. As the prominent event for the community, which many people invited, no wonder, the celebration would be held with great fanfare. Poet singers as entertainers performed to make the party more rousing.<\/p>\n<p>In the Palestinian context, poet singers as Younis and Sbait utilised wedding parties to express connection to the land and opposition to military rule. Their songs promoted Pan-Arab national solidarity and Palestinian nationalism and identity, and, unlike many poet-singers, they rejected overt cooperation with the new regime ((Darweish &amp; Robertson, 2021). Furani wrote:<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, like weddings, in their familiar use of traditional forms, these events enabled people to come together, despite their individual fears and frailties, so that something new could begin in the world. In a collective struggle for survival, Palestinian poets sang to a public thirsty for their words, a public in need of a refuge that language was best left to provide. Poets helped their public confront fear and mobilize courage at a time when, as the poet Hanna Ibrahim puts it, &#8220;Simply raising your voice was an act of courage.&#8221; Palestinian poets countered repression with defiant &#8220;songs,&#8221;41 perhaps most famously exemplified by the 1964 poem-turned-song, by a young Mahmoud Darwish. (89)<\/p>\n<p>Joseph Massad (2003) categorizes Palestinian songs against zionist colonization into several decades. Every decade had a different format, genre, and topic. During the 1950s, these songs spread through the mass availability of transistor radios, and in the 1960s through television sets. In these decades Palestinian songs tend to express the confidence of the Nasirist Revolution in Egypt. This revolution explodes in 1952 and celebrated not only by Egyptians but also Arabs. Its hopes of liberating Palestine and Algeria. It&#8217;s different from the music that emerged in the 1970s or at least after the 1967 war. In this decade, the songs spread by the cassette players and expressed the despair of defeat or hope in the Palestinian guerrilla movement then emerging (21).<\/p>\n<p>The song about the Palestinian struggle against zionist colonization also cannot be limited by the territory. Since the Nakba in 1948, songs about Palestine spread over the Arab world. Popular singers such as Najah Salam from Lebanon, Farid al-Atrash in Syria, and Muhammad Abd al-Wahhab in Egypt have a song about Palestine. Abd al-Wahhab&#8217;s song, called &#8220;Filastin&#8221; (released in 1949, but written and composed in 1948 by Ali Mahmud Taha) even became the famous one.<\/p>\n<p>McDonald stated many Palestinian musicians active during the first intifada (1987-1993). In this period, Palestinian music tended to fall into two categories: propagandist calls for martyrdom or transnational pop songs with little relevance to contemporary Palestinian experiences of violence and exile (5). In music, the first Palestinian intifada also marked the revival of the early 1970s popular heritage festivals in the West Bank featuring folk poets as representatives of national culture and practice (124). Besides that, it also emerged the underground music culture among Palestinian musicians. Some of them recorded their songs underground, in secret studios, and distributed their music hand by hand in the demonstrations that took place during the first few months of the intifada.<\/p>\n<p>To avoid persecution from the colonial regime, they used pseudonyms to identify themselves. For example, In West Bank, there are Sabaye al-Intifada (Youth of the Intifada), Ibna al-Bilad (Son of the Nation), and al-\u02bfAmal al-Sha\u02bfbi (The People&#8217;s Work). They&#8217;re the underground names of important artists and ensembles working in the resistance movement (125).<\/p>\n<p>There is a different type of protest music that emerged in the West Bank and Hamas&#8217;s Gaza. In West Bank, many protest music oriented by the secular nationalist or even Marxist third-world guerillas against imperialism. It showed not only by independent musicians but also composers affiliated with parties like the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) and PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine). The music tends to be influenced by folk, traditional Palestinian music, or even Western music.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, in Gaza, that led by the Sunni conservative group HAMAS, the music that is more famous is anashid. In Gaza, anashid was derived in large part from the language of the Qur&#8217;an (references to Qur&#8217;anic scripture) and the sunna (the recorded deeds of the Prophet). According to McDonald, it formed the core vocabulary for imagining Palestinian liberation. The nation itself was envisioned as a pious community of believers, or umma. To this end, Anashid presents a reconceptualized vision of the nation framed within the discourses of religion and faith (128). This different influence also affected the musical expression in those two parties. For people in West Bank, dabke (traditional Palestinian dance) is common in musical attractions. But for HAMAS in Gaza, this dance is not suitable in terms of religious jurisprudence and modesty. Public dancing was not considered an appropriate activity in mixed (male\/female) contexts. Also, for musical instruments. For HAMAS&#8217;s anashid, melodic instrumentations are forbidden. Many of these texts were sung in an unmetered free rhythm. However, it was not uncommon for vocalists to be accompanied by modest percussion, perhaps one or two daff\u0101t (frame drums) (129).<\/p>\n<p>Recently, the music of this era was found and popularized again. In 2022, London-Palestinian filmmaker and actor, Mo\u2019min Swaitat, for example, uncovers banned revolutionary album &#8216;The Intifada&#8217; by Riad Awwad, released in 1987(Music of the First Palestinian Intifada Re-Discovered &amp; Restored, n.d.). This Riad&#8217;s record, he found in the old cassette store in the West Bank city of Jenin. He bought it together with 10.000 other tapes that he brought in five pieces of luggage to London. To Guardian, Swaaitat said, Riad Awwad&#8217;s record is one of the most special finds. It was only bright yellow tape with no information on it except a sticker with the hand-written word \u2018intifada\u2019 (McKernan, 2022).<\/p>\n<p>Swaitat listened to the album several times, captivated by the poetic lyrics describing a lost homeland and the struggle for freedom. He never even knew the composer, until the composer called himself in the part of the tape, Riad Awwad. Swaaitat then knows more about Riad after he explores and traces Riad&#8217;s family in Palestine. He then met with Riad sister, Hanan, a famous writer and activist now in her 70s. According to Hanan, Riad is a Palestinian electrical engineer with a passion for music. During the first week of the Intifada, Awwad gathered his family to call upon their assistance in creating an album that would sing the song of the Palestinians at that time.<\/p>\n<p>Hip-hop in Palestine never came until the mid of 1990s. This music emerged as a new Palestinian musical subgenre that mixes Arabic traditional music and melodies, American Hip Hop beats, with Arabic, English, or even Hebrew lyrics. The use of Hebrew lyrics can&#8217;t be separated from the condition that situated some Palestinian or their descendants living in Israeli-occupied territories, such as Lyd and Haifa. Some Palestinian Hip Hop groups are based in these areas like DAM from Lyd, or Walaa Sbait, an Iqrith-born music-composer, and activist that raise in Haifa. Palestinian Hip Hop also consider by the Palestinian diaspora or their descendants in the western world. It&#8217;s like Palestinian female rapper, Shadia Mansour who raise in London, United Kingdom. Maira (2008) called this a transnational perspective on Palestinian hip-hop. It&#8217;s situated in the context of a political movement and youth culture that spans national borders and that links the Western world with Palestine.<\/p>\n<p>Hip Hop in Palestine was influenced by American hip-hop artists like Tupac Shakur and its spread by MTV. Mahmood Jrere one of DAM&#8217;s member said to SOAS, Tupac&#8217;s song &#8220;Holla if Ya Hear Me&#8221; which share the experience of living in the street became popular for the Arab teenagers in Lyd because it considers representing their live. To SOAS, Mahmood said:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We lived in a project, in poverty, there was crime and police chasing us \u2026 It was the same thing I was seeing in the video. I didn&#8217;t understand every word, but I understood the pain and the struggle.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>No wonder in their earliest record, they explain that situation explicitly. Like in &#8220;hwn &#8216;anuldt&#8221; (Born Here) song, Mahmood takes this verse on his rhyme:<\/p>\n<p>Let me introduce to ya&#8217;ll myself, I&#8217;m from a town called Lyd<\/p>\n<p>You can find here all kind of unlocked criminals<\/p>\n<p>The only thing people here did wrong was living on their land<\/p>\n<p>As the poetry-song movement in Palestinian on the past, this hip-hop scene also related to the roots and identity as Palestinian and portrays their struggle and history. Its common for Palestinian Hip Hop musicians or DJ taking a music sample from traditional dabke songs, oud guitar sound, poems from Palestinians poets, or speech from the politicians\/activists.<\/p>\n<p>In their debut album, &#8220;Ihda&#8221; (Dedication) released in 2006, for example, DAM started the album with the speech of Gammal Abdel Nasser. If we refer Massad (2003) it&#8217;s like the 1950s Palestinian music that tend to express the confidence of the Nasirist Revolution. Orr (2011) stated: The opening lines from Nasser are charged with layers of meaning that display DAM&#8217;s unique nationalist rhetoric. As Palestinians living within Israel, the members of DAM are channeling Nasser&#8217;s words not only for the historical memory of their power to unite, but also for the memory of their power to confound and frighten the Israeli public (8).<\/p>\n<p>Palestinian Hip Hop\/Electronic music collective, Checkpoint 303 also put Ghassan Kanafani interview with Australian TV Journalist. Richard Carleton on their song entitled &#8220;Gaza Sea Minor&#8221;. This is intertwined with the serene oud sound and the recorded sound of the Gaza Sea which conveys the listener&#8217;s imagination of Palestine. The song includes an obituary of Ghassan, which was blown up by Mossad in his car in 1972. Checkpoint 303 is also repeating part &#8220;will continue fighting till death!&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Besides the story of living under occupation and transferring the spirit of struggles, London-Palestinian rapper, Shadia Mansour to SAMAR media mentioned the important to promote Palestinian\/Arabs identity through hip hop. Shadia who considers herself as &#8220;Palestinians of exile&#8221; said her songs inspired by her life experiences. Shadia said, when someone writes a song or works on a project involving the cause or the country, there&#8217;s always another path that comes afterwards that leads to the Arab of Palestinian identity.<\/p>\n<p>And she believes Palestinians existence today, outside or inside Palestine, are resistance.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We&#8217;re facing media that misrepresent our people. Not just Palestinian but also Arab people. That&#8217;s why we have to preserve everything, it&#8217;s a matter of existence,&#8221; Shadia said.<\/p>\n<p>No wonder if Shadia lyrics tend to be re-emerging Palestinian heritage. In their song &#8220;El-Kofeyye Arabeyye&#8221; (Arabic Kufiyeh), she wrote:<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;m Shadia Mansour<\/p>\n<p>And the keffiyeh is my identity<\/p>\n<p>From the day I was born<\/p>\n<p>The people have been my responsibility<\/p>\n<p>Look, I was raised between the West and the East<\/p>\n<p>Between two languages, between the rich and the poor<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;ve been life both sides<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;m like the keffiyeh<\/p>\n<p>No matter how you wear me, wherever you leave me,<\/p>\n<p>I stay true to my origins: Palestinian<\/p>\n<p>She also shows that in her appearance. Shadia always performs in traditional Palestinian dress. For her, this dress is her statement to emphasize her identity as Palestinian.<\/p>\n<p><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Referring to the facts above, I assumed Hip Hop music in Palestine encapsulates much of the resistance music that has been the trigger and encouragement for the resistance of the Palestinian people. Those emerged since the era of poetry-song of the 1950s into patriotic songs throughout the first intifada in the late 1980s to the early 1990s. Hip hop which originated from the Black youth culture in America in the 1970s also inspired a lot of space for Palestinian Hip Hop artists to express their experience living under Israeli occupation.<\/p>\n<p>Hip Hop lyrics in America, for example, that criticize racism and discrimination against black people are interpreted and compared by Palestinian youths with their condition against Israel (for Hip Hop activists who live in Palestine) or the discrimination they encounter as an Arab minority in the occupied Palestinian territories. Moreover, turning poetry into song lyrics is a Palestinian tradition from ancient times.<\/p>\n<p>The wide range of Hip Hop music, because it relies on beats from DJs who can mix a lot of kinds of music, also allows Hip Hop to cover many types of music in one song or beat. No wonder, much of the Palestinian Hip Hop group&#8217;s material can include elements of traditional Palestinian music such as dabke and oud guitar. Also, as DAM and Checkpoint 303 do, Hip Hop also allows DJs to incorporate poetry or speeches into the structure of their music.<\/p>\n<p>Hip Hop in Palestine is also seen to continue to develop and regenerate. Recently, for example, there was MC Abdul (Abdel-Rahman Al-Shantti), a Gaza kid born in 2008 who made a sensation in 2020 by rapping with his schoolmates at a school in Gaza. Even though he is still relatively young, Al-Shantti looks to inherit the ability to compose poems from his Palestinian ancestors with his expertise in singing rap verses as was done in the late 1990s by DAM. Like almost all Palestinian hip-hop artist, the songs that Al-Shantti later composed are also not far from his experiences living amid the onslaught of Israeli attacks. In an interview, he stated &#8220;The power that I have in my pen when I&#8217;m writing, I am unstoppable. The microphone is the only escape possible&#8221;(MC Abdul, 2021).<\/p>\n<p>Palestine Street, a hip-hop group from Bethlehem, said that hip-hop helps young Palestinians, especially those living in refugee camps, face frustration and anxiety. Hip-hop teaches them to talk honestly about everyday life. To Aljazeera, Hefawi, one of the group members said, &#8220;Throwing stones at soldiers is a way of expressing yourself, a way of releasing your frustrations. When you throw a stone at a soldier, you are demanding a better life. And when we discovered hip-hop, we used that same energy that used to draw us to the streets to throw stones&#8221; (Palestinian Hip-Hop Group Uses Music as a Weapon | Occupied West Bank | Al Jazeera, n.d.).<\/p>\n<p>Palestine Street since 2013 organized the hip-hop workshop for the kids in refugee camps across the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem. As they believe in Hip Hop, they teach rapping to Palestinian youths to channel their anger and frustrations into rap music, while still standing up for Palestinian rights. These efforts, once again, emphasize the relationship between music in Palestine and people&#8217;s resistance. And for a decade, Hip Hop played a key role.<\/p>\n<p><b>Muhammad Irfan (irfanism90@gmail.com)<\/b> is<\/p>\n<p>a master\u2019s student at Inter-Asia Cultural Studies National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan. His research focuses on the youth movement related to the independent music and subculture. His works included a book \u201cBandung Pop Darlings: Catatan Dua Dekade Skena Indie Pop Bandung 1995-2015\u201d (2019) about the indie pop music scene in Bandung, Indonesia and a video essay entitled \u201cNumpang Gandeng: A Video Essay Explores The Indonesian Underground Music Scene in Taiwan\u201d (2022). In 2024, he also hold two exhibition in Taiwan, \u201cHave You Ever Met Dao Ming Tse\u201d for Taipei Biennial 2023-2024 in January and \u201cRocking Indonesia: A Cultural Legacy of The Rolling Stones in Bandung\u201d at TheCube Project Space, Taipei from August to October.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569 \uc74c\uc545\uacfc \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778, \ud2b9\ud788 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1 \uc758\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce5c \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf8\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569 \uc74c\uc545\uc758 1999\ub144 \uacb0\uc131\ub41c \ud799\ud569 \ud2b8\ub9ac\uc624\uc778 DAM\uc774 \ub9ac\ub4dc(Lydd) \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uacb0\uc131\ub418\uba70 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. DAM\ub294 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uc810\ub839 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc544\ub78d\uc778\uc758 \uac10\uc815\uc744 \uac00\uc0ac\uc640 \ub9ac\ub4ec\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 DAM\uc774 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud799\ud569 \uc74c\uc545\uc758 \uc804\ubd80\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7484,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[718,648,1099,752,1098],"class_list":["post-7481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-35","tag-718","tag-648","tag-1099","tag-752","tag-1098"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7481"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7481\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7487,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7481\/revisions\/7487"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}