{"id":6578,"date":"2023-09-21T11:04:05","date_gmt":"2023-09-21T02:04:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/?p=6578"},"modified":"2023-11-16T16:21:16","modified_gmt":"2023-11-16T07:21:16","slug":"%ec%9e%91%ec%9d%80-%ea%b2%83%eb%93%a4%eb%a1%9c-%ec%9d%b4%eb%a3%a8%ec%96%b4%ec%a7%84-%ea%b1%b0%eb%8c%80%ed%95%9c-%ec%82%ac%ed%9a%8c-%ec%95%84%eb%a3%ac%eb%8b%a4%ed%8b%b0-%eb%a1%9c%ec%9d%b4%ec%9d%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/?p=6578","title":{"rendered":"\uc791\uc740 \uac83\ub4e4\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uac70\ub300\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c : \uc544\ub8ec\ub2e4\ud2f0 \ub85c\uc774\uc758 \uc2dc\uc120\ub4e4"},"content":{"rendered":"

\ub958\ud604\uc815<\/strong>(\uc11c\uc6b8\ub300\ud559\uad50)<\/p>\n

\uc18c\uc124\uac00\uc774\uc790 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud65c\ub3d9\uac00<\/b>, 20<\/b>\ub144 \ub9cc\uc758 \uc2e0\uc791<\/b><\/p>\n

1997\ub144 26\uc138\uc758 \ub098\uc774\ub85c \uccab \uc18c\uc124 \u300e\uc791\uc740 \uac83\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e0\u300f(The God of Small Things<\/i>)\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ubd80\ucee4\uc0c1\uc744 \uc218\uc0c1\ud558\uba70 \ud654\ub824\ud558\uac8c \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud55c \uc544\ub8ec\ub2e4\ud2f0 \ub85c\uc774(Arundhati Roy, 1961-)\ub294 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ud3bc\uce58\ub294 \uc778\ubb3c\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc720\uba85\ud558\ub2e4. \ub370\ubdd4 \uc774\ud6c4 20\ub144\uac04 \uac70\uc758 10\uc5ec \ud3b8\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\ub294 \ub17c\ud53d\uc158\uc744 \uc800\uc220\ud558\uba70 \ud604\ub300 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uc815\uce58, \uc0ac\ud68c, \uacbd\uc81c, \ud658\uacbd \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadf8\uc57c\ub9d0\ub85c \ud604\ub300 \uc778\ub3c4\uac00 \ub2f9\uba74\ud55c \uac16\uac00\uc9c0 \uc774\uc288\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ube44\ud310\uc801 \uc2dc\uc120\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5ec\uacfc \uc5c6\uc774 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b4\uc5c8\uace0, 2014\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ud0c0\uc784\uc9c0\uac00 \uc120\uc815\ud558\ub294 \u2018\uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825 \uc788\ub294 \uc778\ubb3c 100\uc778\u2019\uc5d0 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \uc62c\ub838\ub2e4. 5\ub144\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \uc9d1\ud544\ub41c \u300e\uc791\uc740 \uac83\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e0\u300f\uc740 33\uac1c\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \ubc88\uc5ed\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ub274\uc695\ud0c0\uc784\uc988\uc758 \ubca0\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc140\ub7ec \ubaa9\ub85d\uc5d0 49\uc8fc\uac04 \uc624\ub97c(\uc804\uc218\uc6a9 2001:420) \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \ud070 \uc778\uae30\ub97c \uc5bb\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ud6c4 \ub17c\ud53d\uc158 \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub85c\uc774\uc758 \uba85\uc131\uc740 \ud0c8\uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758, \uc11c\ubc1c\ud134, \uc5d0\ucf54-\ud398\ubbf8\ub2c8\uc998, \ubc18(\u53cd)\uc138\uacc4\ud654, \ubc18(\u53cd)\ud575\uc8fc\uc758 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud558\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub17c\ub780\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc\uc640 \uc5ee\uc774\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \ub0a0 \uc120 \uc2dc\uc120\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \uae30\ub4dd\uad8c\uacfc \uacc4\uae09\uc801 \ud3ed\ub825, \ubd80\ud328\ud55c \uacf5\uad8c\ub825, \uc804\ud1b5\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc744 \ud55c \uac00\ubd80\uc7a5\uc81c\uc758 \uc5b5\uc555, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud78c\ub450 \uadf9\uc6b0\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ud5a5\ud574 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud55c\ud3b8 \uccab \uc791\ud488 \uc774\ud6c4 \ubb34\ub824 20\ub144 \ub9cc\uc5d0 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud55c \ub85c\uc774\uc758 \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc18c\uc124 \u300e\uc9c0\ubcf5\uc758 \uc131\uc790\u300f(The Ministry of Utmost Happiness<\/i>)\ub294 2020\ub144 \uad6d\ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc81c4\ud68c \uc774\ud638\ucca0 \ud1b5\uc77c\ub85c \ubb38\ud559\uc0c1 \uc218\uc0c1\uc790\ub85c \uc120\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \ud654\uc81c\uac00 \ub41c \ubc14 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud788\uc988\ub77c(hijra)1)<\/a> \uc548\uc90c(Anjum)\uacfc \uac74\ucd95\ud559\ub3c4 \ud2f8\ub85c(Tilo)\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc790\ub77c\ud2b8 \ud3ed\ub3d9, \uce74\uc288\ubbf8\ub974 \ubd84\uc7c1 \ub4f1 \ud604\ub300 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uad75\uc9c1\ud55c \uc0ac\uac74\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc30\uacbd\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\uc740 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc791\ud488\uc740 \uadf8\ub3d9\uc548 \ub17c\ud53d\uc158 \uc791\ud488\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0ac\ub358 \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \ube44\ud310\uc801 \uc2dc\uc120\uc774 \uadf8\uc57c\ub9d0\ub85c \uc9d1\ub300\uc131\ub41c \ub300\uc791\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub2e4. \ubcf8\uace0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \u2018\uc791\uc740 \uac83\ub4e4\u2019\ub85c \ub300\ubcc0\ub418\ub294 \uc18c\uc678\ub418\uace0 \uc5b5\uc555\ubc1b\uc740 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc774 \ud604\ub300 \uc778\ub3c4\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ud3ed\ub825\uacfc \ubaa8\uc21c\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574, \ub85c\uc774\uc758 \ub450 \uc18c\uc124\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc0ac\uac74\ub4e4\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\uace0\uc790 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

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\uc544\ub8ec\ub2e4\ud2f0 \ub85c\uc774\uac00 2012\ub144 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc544\uc0bc \uc8fc \uad6c\uc640\ud558\ud2f0(Guwahati)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\ub9b0 \uc81c 14\ud68c \ub178\uc2a4\uc774\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ubd81\ud398\uc5b4(North East Book Fair)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0\uc124\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/strong>
\ucd9c\ucc98: \uc704\ud0a4\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \ucee4\uba3c\uc988<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\uc5b5\uc555\ubc1b\uc740 \uc790\ub4e4\uacfc <\/b>\u2018<\/b>\uc791\uc740 \uac83\ub4e4<\/b>\u2019<\/b><\/h5>\n
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\uc544\ub8ec\ub2e4\ud2f0 \ub85c\uc774\uc758 \u300e\uc791\uc740 \uac83\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e0\u300f \ud55c\uad6d\ud310 \ud45c\uc9c0. \ud574\ub2f9 \ud45c\uc9c0\ub294 \ucd9c\ud310\uc0ac \ubb38\ud559\ub3d9\ub124\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\ubb38\ud559\uc804\uc9d1 10\uc8fc\ub144 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud310\uc774\ub2e4.<\/strong>
\ucd9c\ucc98: \ubb38\ud559\ub3d9\ub124<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u300e\uc791\uc740 \uac83\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e0\u300f\uc740 \uc778\ub3c4 \ub0a8\ubd80 \ucf00\ub784\ub77c(Kerala)\ub97c \uc8fc\uc694 \ubb34\ub300\ub85c \uc0bc\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc544\ub8ec\ub2e4\ud2f0 \ub85c\uc774\uc758 \uc720\ub144\uae30 \uc2dc\uc808\uc774 \ud22c\uc0ac\ub41c \uc774 \uc791\ud488\uc758 \ubc30\uacbd\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294, \uc791\uac00\uc758 \uc0dd\uc560\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\ub3c4 \uc54c\uc544\ubcfc \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub85c\uc774\ub294 \ubc29\uae00\ub77c\ub370\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc778\uc811\ud55c \uc778\ub3c4 \ubd81\ub3d9\ubd80 \uba54\uac08\ub77c\uc57c(Meghalaya)\uc8fc\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uba54\uac08\ub77c\uc57c\ub294 \ubcb5\uace8\uc778 \ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub3c4\uc600\ub358 \ubd80\uce5c\uc774 \uc77c\ud558\ub294 \ub2e4\uc6d0(\u8336\u5712)\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uacf3\uc774\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc591\uce5c\uc758 \uc774\ud63c \ud6c4 \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8 \uba54\ub9ac \ub85c\uc774(Mary Roy)\uc758 \uace0\ud5a5\uc778 \ucf00\ub784\ub77c\uc8fc\ub85c \uc774\uc8fc\ud558\uc5ec \uc5b4\ub9b0 \uc2dc\uc808\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \ucf00\ub784\ub77c\ub294 \ubb38\ud654\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub098 \uc815\uce58\uc801, \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \u2018\ub0a8\uc778\ub3c4\u2019, \u2018\ub4dc\ub77c\ube44\ub2e4\uc871\u2019 \ub4f1\uc758 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \ubc94\uc8fc\ub85c \ud658\uc6d0\ub418\uae30 \ud798\ub4e0 \ub3c5\uc790\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\ub294 \uacf3\uc774\ub2e4. \ucf00\ub784\ub77c\uc8fc\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub3c4\uc758 \ube44\uc728\uc774 \ub192\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc778\ub370, 2011\ub144 \uc778\uad6c \ucd1d\uc870\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub3c4\uac00 18.4%\ub97c \uc810\uc720\ud558\uc5ec \uc778\ub3c4 \uc804\uad6d \ud3c9\uade0(2.3%)\uc758 \ub300\ub7b5 8\ubc30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub978\ub2e4. \ub85c\uc774\uac00 \uc790\ub780 \ucf67\ud0c0\uc58c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774 \ube44\uc728\uc774 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub192\uc544 \uac70\uc758 40%\uc5d0 \uc721\ubc15\ud558\uba70 \ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub3c4\uc640 \uc5b4\uae68\ub97c \ub098\ub780\ud788 \ud560 \uc815\ub3c4\uc774\ub2e4(\u52a0\u702c 2022:43-44). \uc18c\uc124\uc758 \ubc30\uacbd\uc774 \ub418\ub294 1969\ub144\uc740 \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50(Syrian Christian)\uacc4 \uc720\uc0b0\uacc4\uae09\uacfc \ub178\ub3d9\uc790 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uac08\ub4f1\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub358 \uc2dc\uae30\ub85c, \ud2b9\ud788 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uad8c\uc775\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud798\uc744 \ud0a4\uc6b0\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \uc2dc\uc810\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc885\uad50\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uc640 \ud78c\ub450\uad50 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uac08\ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\ub294(\ub85c\uc774 2021: 376) \ud55c\ud3b8, \uc624\ub79c \uae30\uac04 \uc778\ub3c4 \ub300\ub959\uc744 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud574 \uc628 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc18c\uc704 \u2018\uac00\ucd09\ubbfc\u2019\uacfc \u2018\ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ubbfc\u2019\uc758 \uad6c\ubd84\uc774 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud788 \ud589\ud574\uc9c0\ub358 \uc2dc\uae30\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\u00b7\uacf5\uac04\uc801 \ubc30\uacbd \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c, \ucf00\ub784\ub77c\uc8fc \uc544\uc608\uba54\ub134\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \ud53c\ud074 \uc81c\uc870\uacf5\uc7a5\uc744 \uc18c\uc720\ud55c \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub3c4 \uc720\uc0b0\uacc4\uae09 \uc774\ud398(Ipe) \uac00\ubb38 \uc800\ud0dd\uc758 \uc8fc\uc778\uacf5 \uc30d\ub465\uc774 \ub0a8\ub9e4\uc778 \ub77c\ud5ec(Rahel)\uacfc \uc5d0\uc2a4\ud0c0(Estha)\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uac00 \ud3bc\uccd0\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

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\ubd89\uc740\uc0c9\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\uc2dc\ub41c \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc774 \u300e\uc791\uc740 \uac83\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e0\u300f\uc758 \uc8fc \ubb34\ub300\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \ucf00\ub784\ub77c\uc8fc\uc774\ub2e4.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\ucf00\ub784\ub77c\uc8fc\uc5d0 \ubcf8\ubd80\ub97c \ub454 \ub9d0\ub791\uce74\ub77c \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544 \uc815\uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc0c1\uc9d5
\ucd9c\ucc98: \ub9d0\ub791\uce74\ub77c \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544 \uc815\uad50\ud68c \uacf5\uc2dd \ud648\ud398\uc774\uc9c0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc18c\uc124\uc758 \ud654\uc790\ub294 \ub77c\ud5ec\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud558\uc5ec \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub4f1\uc7a5\uc778\ubb3c\uc758 \uc2dc\uc810\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba70, \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04 \ub610\ud55c \ub450 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \uc720\ub144 \uc2dc\uc808(1969\ub144)\uacfc \uc131\ub144\uae30(1993\ub144)\ub97c \uad50\ucc28\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc30\uc5f4\ud558\uc5ec \uacfc\uac70\uc640 \ud604\uc7ac\ub97c \uc624\uac04\ub2e4. \uc30d\ub465\uc774\uc758 \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8 \uc554\ubb34(Ammu)\ub294 \ub0a8\ud3b8\uacfc\uc758 \uc774\ud63c \ud6c4 \uac00\uc871\uacfc \uc8fc\ubcc0 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc758 \ud54d\ubc15\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\ub294\ub370, \uc18c\uc704 \u2018\uc804\ud1b5\uc801\u2019 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \ub300\ubcc0\ud558\ub294 \uc774 \ud54d\ubc15\uc758 \uc8fc\uccb4\ub294 \uc554\ubb34\uc758 \ubaa8\uce5c \ub9d8\ub9c8\uce58(Mammachi)\uc640 \uace0\ubaa8 \ubca0\uc774\ube44 \ucf54\ucc38\ub9c8(Baby Kochamma), \uc554\ubb34\uc758 \ub0a8\uc790 \ud615\uc81c \ucc28\ucf54(Chacko)\uc774\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8 \uc554\ubb34\ub294 \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ubbfc \ud30c\ub77c\ubc18(Paravan)2)<\/a> \uacc4\uae09\uc758 \ub0a8\uc131\uc774\uc790 \uc5f4\uc131\uc801\uc778 \uacf5\uc0b0\ub2f9\uc6d0 \ubca8\ub8e8\ud0c0(Velutha)\uc640 \ub9cc\ub098 \uc0ac\ub791\uc5d0 \ube60\uc9c0\uace0, \ub77c\ud5ec \ub0a8\ub9e4\uac00 \uc774 \ub458\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubaa9\uaca9\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uac00\uc871\uc758 \ube44\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc11c\uc0ac\uac00 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc554\ubb34\uc640 \ubca8\ub8e8\ud0c0\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uc791\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\uc0ac\ub791\uc758 \ubc95\uce59\u2019(Love Law)\uc73c\ub85c \uc5b8\uae09\ub418\ub294 \uc9c8\uc11c\ub97c \uc5b4\uae30\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubb18\uc0ac\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774 \u2018\uc0ac\ub791\uc758 \ubc95\uce59\u2019\uc740 \u201c\ub204\uac00 \uc0ac\ub791\ubc1b\uc544\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uc9c0, \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc0ac\ub791\ubc1b\uc544\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc815\ud55c \ubc95\u201d(\ub85c\uc774 2021: 51)\uc73c\ub85c \uc5b8\uae09\ub418\ub294\ub370, \uacc4\uae09 \uc9c8\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc801\ubc95\ud55c \uc0ac\ub791\uc758 \uaddc\ubc94\uc744 \ub9d0\ud558\uba70, \uc774\ub97c \uc5b4\uae34 \ubca8\ub8e8\ud0c0\ub294 \uacb0\uad6d \ud3ed\ub825\uc801\uc778 \uc8fd\uc74c\uc744 \ub9de\uc774\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub791\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc131\uc560\uc801 \uc0ac\ub791\uc758 \ubc94\uc8fc\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4 \ucd9c\uc2e0\uacfc \uacc4\uae09\uc774 \ud1b5\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ub113\uc740 \ubc94\uc704\uc758 \uc0ac\ub791\uc744 \uc544\uc6b0\ub978\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc791\uc911 \uc544\uc608\uba54\ub134 \uc0ac\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \ud589\ud574\uc9c4 \uce74\ud0c0\uce7c\ub9ac3)<\/a> \uacf5\uc5f0 \uc7a5\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11c\uc0ac\uc2dc \uc8fc\uc778\uacf5\ub4e4\uc758 \uc785\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c\ub2e4. \ud574\ub2f9 \uc7a5\uba74\uc740 \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8 \ucfe4\ud2f0(Kunt\u012b)\uc640 \uce74\ub974\ub098(Kar\u1e47a)\uc758 \ub300\ud654\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8ec\ub2e4. \uc778\ub3c4 \uace0\uc804 \uc11c\uc0ac\uc2dc \u300e\ub9c8\ud558\ubc14\ub77c\ud0c0\u300f(Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata<\/i>)\uc758 \ube44\uadf9\uc801 \uc601\uc6c5\uc774\uc790 \ucfe4\ud2f0\uc758 \ucc98\ub140 \uc2dc\uc808\uc5d0 \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \ud0d3\uc5d0 \ubc84\ub9bc\ubc1b\uace0 \ube44\ucc9c\ud55c \uac00\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\ub780 \uce74\ub974\ub098\ub294 \uc8fc\uc778\uacf5 \ub2e4\uc12f \uc655\uc790 \ud310\ub2e4\ubc14(P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava)\uc758 \uc7a5\ub0a8\uc774\ub098 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc600\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uacb0\ud63c \uc804 \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \u2018\uc0ac\ub791\uc758 \ubc95\uce59\u2019\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc544\ub4e4\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ubc1b\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4. \uacb0\uad6d \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ud615\uc81c\ub4e4\uacfc \uc804\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2f8\uc6b0\uac8c \ub418\uc790, \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uce74\ub974\ub098\ub97c \uc800\uc9c0\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ucfe4\ud2f0\ub294 \u2018\uc0ac\ub791\uc758 \ubc95\uce59\u2019\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ub3d9\uc0dd\ub4e4\uacfc \uc2f8\uc6b0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uac83\uc744 \ubd80\ud0c1\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\u2018<\/i>\uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ub124 \ud615\uc81c\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\ub124 \uc0b4\uacfc \ud53c\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\uadf8\ub4e4\uacfc \uc804\uc7c1\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \uc57d\uc18d\ud574\ub2e4\uc624<\/i>. <\/i>\uc57d\uc18d\ud574\ub2e4\uc624<\/i>.\u2019<\/i>(\ub85c\uc774 2021:262)<\/span><\/p>\n

\uce74\ud0c0\uce7c\ub9ac\ub294 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub0a8\uc131 \ucd9c\uc5f0\uc790\ub4e4\ub85c\ub9cc \uc0c1\uc5f0\ub41c\ub2e4. \uadf9 \uc911 \uc5ec\uc131 \ubc30\uc5ed\uc778 \ucfe4\ud2f0 \ub610\ud55c \ub0a8\uc131 \ubc30\uc6b0\uac00 \uc5f0\uae30\ud558\uba70, \u201c\uac00\uc2b4 \ub2ec\ub9b0 \ubd80\ub4dc\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ucfe4\ud2f0\ub9c8\uc800 \uc5ec\ud0c0 \u2018\uce74\ud0c0\uce7c\ub9ac \ubc30\uc6b0\ub4e4\u2019\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ubd84\uc7a5\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6b0\uace0 \uc544\ub0b4\ub4e4\uc744 \uad6c\ud0c0\ud558\ub7ec \uc9d1\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac00\ub294\u201d(\ub85c\uc774 2021:265) \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uac00\ubd80\uc7a5\uc801 \ubd84\uc704\uae30\ub97c \uac00\ub2a0\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uc544\uc774\ub7ec\ub2c8\ud55c \uc7a5\uba74\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\uce74\ud0c0\uce7c\ub9ac\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uace0\uc804 \uc11c\uc0ac\uc2dc\ub97c \uc18c\uc7ac\ub85c \ud589\ud574\uc9c0\ub294 \ucf00\ub784\ub77c \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uadf9\uc774\ub2e4. \ud654\ub824\ud55c \ubd84\uc7a5\uacfc \uc758\uc0c1\uc774 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc801\uc774\ub2e4.<\/strong>
\ucd9c\ucc98: \uc704\ud0a4\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \ucee4\uba3c\uc988<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\uc774 \uc18c\uc124\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\uc791\uc740 \uac83\ub4e4\u2019\uc774 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud574\uc11d\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc608\ucee8\ub300 \uc2ec\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\uc131\uc801 \ubc30\uace0\ud514\uc758 \ucda9\uc871\uc774\ub098 \uc721\uccb4\uc801 \uc695\ub9dd\uc758 \ucda9\uc871\u2019\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc791\uc740 \ub9cc\uc871, \u2018\uc560\uc815\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \ud615\ud0dc, \uc0ac\uc2ec \uc5c6\uc774 \ub610\ub294 \uc774\uae30\uc801\uc77c\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \ud0c0\uc778\uc744 \uae30\uc058\uac8c \ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc791\uc740 \uc77c\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\u2019\uc73c\ub85c \ud480\uc774\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uba70, \u2018\uc791\uc740 \uac83\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e0\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc81c\ubaa9\uacfc \uc5f0\uad00\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \u2018\ud78c\ub450 \uc804\ud1b5\uc758 \uc791\uc740 \uc2e0, \ubbfc\uc18d \ubc0f \uc77c\uc0c1 \uc608\ubc30\uc758 \uc2e0\u2019\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ud574\uc11d\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc(Roy 2009:56), \uc18c\uc124\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uac08\ub4f1\uc758 \uc591\uc0c1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc600\uc744 \ub54c, \uc774\ub294 \u2018\ud070 \uac83\u2019 \ud639\uc740 \u2018\uac70\ub300\ud55c \uac83\u2019\uacfc \ub300\ube44\ub418\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. \u2018\uac70\ub300\ud55c\u2019 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4, \uae30\uad00, \uc9d1\ub2e8, (\uacc4\uae09 \ud639\uc740 \uc820\ub354) \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \u2018\ud070 \uac83\u2019\uc73c\ub85c \uba85\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, \ub85c\uc774\uc758 \uc18c\uc124\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\uc791\uc740 \uac83\u2019\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uac70\ub300\ud55c \ud798\uc5d0 \ub20c\ub9ac\uac70\ub098 \uadf8 \ud798\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ud638\ubc1b\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c, \uc5b5\uc555\ubc1b\uace0 \uc18c\uc678\ub41c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \ud480\uc774\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ucc28\ucf54\uc640 \uc554\ubb34\uc758 \ub0a8\ud3b8 \ubc14\ubc14(Baba), \uc554\ubb34\uc758 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0 \ud30c\ud30c\uce58(Papachi)\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uac00\ubd80\uc7a5\uc801 \ub0a8\uc131\ub4e4, \uc5d0\uc2a4\ud0c0\ub97c \uc131\ucd94\ud589\ud588\ub358 \u2018\uc624\ub80c\uc9c0\ub4dc\ub9c1\ud06c \ub808\ubaac\ub4dc\ub9c1\ud06c \ub9e8\u2019, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uae30\uc874 \uc9c8\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc21c\uc751\ud558\uba70 \uc554\ubb34\uc640 \ub77c\ud5ec \ub0a8\ub9e4, \ubca8\ub8e8\ud0c0\ub97c \uc5b5\uc555\ud558\ub294 \ub9d8\ub9c8\uce58\uc640 \ubca0\uc774\ube44 \ucf54\ucc38\ub9c8, \uacf5\uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ubca8\ub8e8\ud0c0\ub97c \uc8fd\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uac8c \ud55c \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4 \ub9e4\ud29c(Thomas Mathew) \uacbd\uad00 \ub4f1\uc740 \uac00\ubd80\uc7a5\uc801 \uc804\ud1b5\uacfc \uacc4\uae09 \uc9c8\uc11c(\uac00\ucd09\ubbfc), \uacf5\uad8c\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\ubcc0\ub418\ub294 \u2018\ud070 \uac83\ub4e4\u2019\uc744 \uc218\ud638\ud558\ub294 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4. \ubc18\uba74 \uc21c\uc218\ud55c \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc544\uc774\ub4e4\ub85c\uc11c \uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc815\uc2e0\uc801\u00b7\uc721\uccb4\uc801 \ud2b8\ub77c\uc6b0\ub9c8\ub97c \uacaa\uc740 \ub77c\ud5ec\uacfc \uc5d0\uc2a4\ud0c0, \uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uc820\ub354 \uc9c8\uc11c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc5b5\uc555\ubc1b\ub294 \uc554\ubb34, \uacc4\uae09\uc744 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub118\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \ud76c\uc0dd\ub41c \ubca8\ub8e8\ud0c0\ub294 \u2018\uc791\uc740 \uac83\ub4e4\u2019\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \u2018\uc791\uace0\u2019 \uc18c\uc18c\ud55c \uc0b6\uc758 \uc21c\uac04\ub4e4\uc740 \u2018\ud070\u2019 \uc8fd\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc5b5\ub20c\ub824 \ube5b\uc744 \ubc1c\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0, \u201c\u2018\uac00\uc7a5\uc790\ub9ac\u2019, \u2018\uacbd\uacc4\u2019, \u2018\uacbd\uacc4\uc120\u2019, \u2018\ub044\ud2b8\uba38\ub9ac\u2019 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \u2018\ud55c\uacc4\u2019 \uac19\uc740 \uac83\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9c8\uce58 \ud55c \ubb34\ub9ac\uc758 \ud2b8\ub864\ucc98\ub7fc \uac01\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\ud3c9\uc120\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\u201d\ub098\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4(\ub85c\uc774 2021:21). \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \u2018\uc791\uc740\u2019 \uc21c\uac04\ub4e4\uc774 \ube44\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc810\uba78\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uc18c\uc124\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub77c\ud5ec\uc774 \ub5a0\ub098\uc628 \ub098\ub77c \uac19\uc740 \uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294<\/i>, <\/i>\uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uc808\ub9dd\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \uc55e\uc744 \ub2e4\ud230\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc54c\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\uadf8\ub798\uc11c <\/i>\uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc778<\/i><\/b> \uc808\ub9dd\uc740 \uacb0\ucf54 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uc808\ub9dd\uc801\uc77c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc744<\/i>. <\/i>\ud55c \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uac70\ub300\ud558\uace0 \ub09c\ud3ed\ud55c<\/i>, <\/i>\ud718\ubab0\uc544\uce58\uba70 \ubc00\uc5b4\ubd99\uc774\ub294<\/i>, <\/i>\uc6b0\uc2a4\uaf5d\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ubbf8\uce5c<\/i>, <\/i>\ud604\uc2e4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c<\/i>, <\/i>\uacf5\uc801\uc778 \ud63c\ub780\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc131\uc9c0<\/i>(<\/i>\u8056\u5730<\/i>) <\/i>\uc606\uc5d0 \ubd88\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc778 \ud63c\ub780\uc774 \ucc3e\uc544\uc624\uba74 \ubb34\uc5b8\uac00\uac00 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc54c\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4<\/i>. \u2018<\/i>\ud070 \uc2e0<\/i>(<\/i>\u795e<\/i>)\u2019<\/i>\uc774 \uc5f4\ud48d\ucc98\ub7fc \uc544\uc6b0\uc131\uce58\uba70 \ubcf5\uc885\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud588\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\uadf8\ub7ec\uc790 <\/i>\u2018<\/i>\uc791\uc740 \uc2e0<\/i>\u2019(<\/i>\uc740\ubc00\ud558\uace0 \uc870\uc2ec\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4<\/i>, <\/i>\uc0ac\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc778<\/i>)<\/i>\uc774 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uc0c1\ucc98\ub97c \uc9c0\uc838 \ub9c9\uace0\ub294 \ubb34\uac10\uac01\ud574\uc9c4 \ucc44 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ubb34\ubaa8\ud568\uc744 \ube44\uc6c3\uc73c\uba70 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc838 \ub098\uac14\ub2e4<\/i>.<\/i>(\ub85c\uc774 2021:37)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \ud3b8\ub9b0\ub4e4\uacfc \uc5ee\uc778 <\/b>\u2018<\/b>\uc791\uc740<\/b>\u2019 <\/b>\uc874\uc7ac\ub4e4<\/b>, <\/b>\u300e\uc9c0\ubcf5\uc758 \uc131\uc790<\/b>\u300f<\/h5>\n

\u300e\uc791\uc740 \uac83\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e0\u300f\uc774 \ub0a8\uc778\ub3c4 \ucf00\ub784\ub77c\uc758 \ud55c \uac00\uc871\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uc885\uad50\uc640 \uacc4\uae09, \uc820\ub354\uc758 \uac08\ub4f1\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc5c8\ub2e4\uba74, \ub85c\uc774\uc758 \ud6c4\uc18d\uc791\uc778 \u300e\uc9c0\ubcf5\uc758 \uc131\uc790\u300f\ub294 \ub354\uc6b1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \ub4f1\uc7a5\uc778\ubb3c\uacfc \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc0ac\uac74\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ud604\ub300 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ud3ed\ub113\uac8c \ub2e4\ub8ec\ub2e4. \uc18c\uc124\uc758 \ubb34\ub300\ub294 \ubd81\uc778\ub3c4\ub85c \uc62e\uaca8\uc9c0\uace0, \uc62c\ub4dc\ub378\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \uad6c\uc790\ub77c\ud2b8 \ud3ed\ub3d9\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \ubd84\uc7c1 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc778 \uce74\uc288\ubbf8\ub974\uc5d0 \uc774\ub978\ub2e4. \uc2dc\uac04\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \ub54c, \uc18c\uc124\uc740 \uc601\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc778\ub3c4\uac00 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ud55c 1947\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4\ubd80\ud130 2001\ub144 9\u00b711 \uc0ac\ud0dc, 2002\ub144 \uad6c\uc790\ub77c\ud2b8 \ud3ed\ub3d9, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 2003\ub144 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc774\ub77c\ud06c \uce68\uacf5\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \uadf9\uc6b0 \uc815\uce58\uc778 \ub098\ub80c\ub4dc\ub77c \ubaa8\ub514(Narendra Modi)\uc758 \uc9d1\uad8c\uc73c\ub85c \ud78c\ub450 \ubc30\ud0c0\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uc815\uc810\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\ub294 2014\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0\ub97c \ubc30\uacbd\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4(\uc190\uc11d\uc8fc 2021:51).<\/p>\n

\uc774 \ud78c\ub450 \uad6d\uc218\uc8fc\uc758 \ud639\uc740 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc815\uc810\uc5d0 \uc120 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ub85c\uc774\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ubb18\uc0ac\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\ub97c <\/i>\u2018<\/i>\ud78c\ub450 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc218\ud638\uc790<\/i>\u2019<\/i>\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\ub294 \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \ubd88\ub7c9\ubc30 \ubb34\ub9ac\uac00 \ub9c8\uc744\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\ub4dd\uc744 \ucde8\ud588\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\uc57c\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uc815\uce58\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc99d\uc624\uc5d0 \ucc2c \uc5f0\uc124\uc744 \ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uad50\ub3c4\ub97c \ub54c\ub9ac\ub294 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc744 \ucc0d\uc5b4 \uc720\ud29c\ube0c\uc5d0 \uc62c\ub9ac\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ucd9c\uc138\ub97c \uaf80\ud588\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud78c\ub450\uad50 \uc21c\ub840\uc640 \ucd95\uc81c\uac00 \ub3c4\ubc1c\uc801\uc778 \uc2b9\ub9ac\uc758 \ud37c\ub808\uc774\ub4dc\ub85c \ubcc0\ud588\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\ubb34\uc7a5\ud55c \ud638\uc704\ud300\ub4e4\uc740 \uc21c\ub840\ub2e8\uc774\ub098 \ud2b8\ub7ed\uacfc \uc624\ud1a0\ubc14\uc774\uc5d0 \ud0c0\uace0 \uc220\uc794\uce58\ub97c \ubc8c\uc774\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4 \uacc1\uc744 \ub2ec\ub9ac\uba70 \ud3c9\ud654\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub3d9\ub124\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2f8\uc6c0\uc774 \ubd99\uae30\ub97c \uae30\ub300\ud588\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\uc81c \uc0ac\ud504\ub780\uc0c9 \uae43\ubc1c \ub300\uc2e0 \ub2f9\ub2f9\ud558\uac8c \uad6d\uae30\ub97c \ud754\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub294\ub370<\/i>, <\/i>\uc794\ud0c0\ub974\ub9cc\ud0c0\ub974\uc758 \uc544\uac00\ub974\uc648 \uc528\uc640 \uadf8\uc758 \ub545\ub538\ub9c9\ud55c \uac04\ub514\uc8fc\uc758\uc790 \ub9c8\uc2a4\ucf54\ud2b8\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc30\uc6b4 \uc18d\uc784\uc218\uc600\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2018<\/i>\uc2e0\uc131\ud55c \uc18c<\/i>\u2019<\/i>\uac00 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\uc815\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc18c \uc624\uc90c\uc744 <\/i>(<\/i>\uc138\uc81c\ub85c\uc11c\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc74c\ub8cc\ub85c\uc11c\ub3c4<\/i>) <\/i>\ud64d\ubcf4\ud558\ub294 \ucea0\ud398\uc778\uc744 \ud6c4\uc6d0\ud588\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\uc18c\uace0\uae30\ub97c \uba39\uac70\ub098 \uc18c\ub97c \uc8fd\uc600\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uacf5\uac1c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9e4\uc9c8\uc744 \ub2f9\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ub9b0\uce58\ub97c \ub2f9\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ub274\uc2a4\uac00 \ub784\ub77c\ub97c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\uc5ed\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0c8\uc5b4\ub098\uc654\ub2e4<\/i>.<\/i>(\ub85c\uc774 2020:411)<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\uc778\ub3c4 \uc778\ubbfc\ub2f9(Bharatiya Janata Party, BJP)\uc758 \ub2f9\uae30. \ub2f9\uc758 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc0c9\uc740 \uc0e4\ud504\ub780\uc0c9\uc774\ub2e4.<\/strong>
\ucd9c\ucc98: \uc704\ud0a4\ud53c\ub514\uc544<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"
\uc778\ub3c4 \uc778\ubbfc\ub2f9\uc758 \uc9c0\uc9c0\uc790\ub4e4. \u300e\uc9c0\ubcf5\uc758 \uc131\uc790\u300f\uc5d0 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc778 \uad6c\uc790\ub77c\ud2b8 \ud3ed\ub3d9(2002) \ub2f9\uc2dc \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud3ed\ub825\uc744 \ubc29\uad00\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ube44\ud310\ubc1b\uc558\ub358 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc8fc\uc9c0\uc0ac \ub098\ub80c\ub4dc\ub77c \ubaa8\ub514\ub294 \ud604\uc7ac \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \ucd1d\ub9ac\uc774\ub2e4.<\/strong>
\ucd9c\ucc98: \uc704\ud0a4\ud53c\ub514\uc544<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc778\ubb3c\uc740 \uc591\uc131\uad6c\uc720\uc758 \u2018\ubaa8\ud638\ud55c \uc131\ubcc4\u2019\ub85c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub098 \uc5b4\ub9b0 \uc2dc\uc808 \uc544\ud504\ud0c0\ube0c(Aftab)\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc758 \ub0a8\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \uc0b4\ub2e4\uac00 \uacb0\uad6d \ud788\uc988\ub77c\uc758 \uc0b6\uc744 \ud0dd\ud55c \uc548\uc90c(Anjum)\uacfc, \ucf00\ub784\ub77c \ucd9c\uc2e0\u2014\uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 \ub85c\uc774\uc758 \uc790\uc804\uc801 \uc815\uc11c\uac00 \ud22c\uc601\ub41c \uc778\ubb3c\uc778\u2014\uc758 \uc5ec\uc131 \ud2f8\ub85c(Tilo)\uc774\ub2e4. \uc548\uc90c\uc740 \uc62c\ub4dc\ub378\ub9ac \uc0e4\uc790\ud558\ub098\ubc14\ub4dc\uc758 \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc \uc9d1\uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc138 \ub538\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5b4 \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \uadf8\ud1a0\ub85d \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\ub358 \uccab \uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud0dc\uc591\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ub294\u00a0\u2018\uc544\ud504\ud0c0\ube0c\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc9c0\uc73c\uba70 \uc544\ub4e4\uc744 \uae30\ub2e4\ub838\ub358 \ubd80\ubaa8\ub294 \uae30\ubed0\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc774\ud6c4 \uc548\uc90c\uc758 \ubaa8\uce5c\uc740 \ub0a8\uc544\uc758 \uc131\uc9d5 \uc544\ub798 \uc790\ub9ac\uc7a1\uc740 \uc5ec\uc131\uc758 \uc131\uc9d5\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0 \uae4a\uc740 \ud63c\ub780\uacfc \ub450\ub824\uc6c0\uc744 \ub290\ub080\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uadf8\ub140\uac00 \uc544\ub294 \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc778 \uc6b0\ub974\ub450\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc774<\/i>, <\/i>\uc0dd\uba85\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2cc \uac83\ub4e4\ub9cc\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83<\/i>\u2014<\/i>\uc591\ud0c4\uc790<\/i>, <\/i>\uc637<\/i>, <\/i>\ucc45<\/i>, <\/i>\ud39c<\/i>, <\/i>\uc545\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0<\/i>\u2014<\/i>\uc774 \uc131<\/i>(<\/i>\u6027<\/i>)<\/i>\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc774 \ub0a8\uc131 \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uc5ec\uc131\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc774<\/i>. <\/i>\uadf8\ub140\uc758 \uc544\uae30\ub9cc \ube7c\uace0<\/i>. <\/i>\ubb3c\ub860 \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc544\uae30 \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uac00 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/i>\u2014<\/i>\ud788\uc988\ub77c<\/i>. <\/i>\uc0ac\uc2e4 \uadf8\ub7f0 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uac00 \ub450 \uac1c \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\ud788\uc988\ub77c\uc640 \ud0a8\ub098\ub974<\/i>.4)<\/a><\/i> \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub2e8\uc5b4 \ub450 \uac1c\ub85c \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\ub294 \ubc95\uc774\ub2e4<\/i>.<\/i>(\ub85c\uc774 2020:26)<\/span><\/p>\n

\uc548\uc90c\uc740 \ud0dc\uc0dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacbd\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \uc704\uce58\uc5d0 \uc124 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc778\ubb3c\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub290 \ub0a0 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ud788\uc988\ub77c\ub97c \ubaa9\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \ub41c \uc544\ud504\ud0c0\ube0c(\uc548\uc90c)\ub294 \uc5f4\ub2e4\uc12f \uc0b4\uc774 \ub418\uc790 \ud788\uc988\ub77c\ub4e4\uc774 \uba38\ubb34\ub294 \ucf70\ube0c\uac00(Khwabgah, \u2018\uafc8\uc758 \uc9d1\u2019)\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00 \u2018\uc548\uc90c\u2019\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ud6c4 \uc218\uc220\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uc5ec\uc131\uc774 \ub418\uace0 \ubc84\ub824\uc9c4 \uc5ec\uc790\uc544\uc774 \uc790\uc774\ub098\ube0c\ub97c \ud0a4\uc6b0\ub2e4 \uae30\ub3c4\ub97c \ud558\ub7ec \uac04 \uad6c\uc790\ub77c\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3ed\ub3d9\uc744 \uacaa\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\uad6c\uc790\ub77c\ud2b8 \ud3ed\ub3d9 \ub2f9\uc2dc \ubd88\uc774 \ubd99\uc740 \uac74\ubb3c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0\uae30\uac00 \ub098\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc9c4\uc774 \ucd2c\uc601\ub41c \uc544\ub9c8\ub2e4\ubc14\ub4dc(Ahmedabad)\ub294 \uad6c\uc790\ub77c\ud2b8\uc8fc\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc774\ub2e4.<\/strong>
\ucd9c\ucc98: \uc704\ud0a4\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \ucee4\uba3c\uc988(Aksi great)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2002\ub144 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \uad6c\uc790\ub77c\ud2b8 \ud3ed\ub3d9\uc740 \uadf9\uc6b0 \ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc9c\uc5ec \uba85\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\ub294 \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc\uc744 \ud559\uc0b4\ud55c \uc0ac\uac74\uc73c\ub85c, \ud3ed\ub3d9 \uc804\ub0a0 \ud78c\ub450\uad50 \uc21c\ub840\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ud0dc\uc6b4 \uae30\ucc28\uc5d0 \ubd88\uc774 \ubd99\uc5b4 \uc218\uc2ed \uba85\uc774 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud55c \ud6c4 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \ud3ed\ub3d9\uc774\ub2e4(BBC 2023.4.21). \uc774 \uc77c\uc740 \uc548\uc90c\uc758 \uc0b6\uc5d0\uc11c \ud070 \uc0c1\ucc98\ub97c \ub0a8\uae30\ub294\ub370, \uacf5\uad50\ub86d\uac8c\ub3c4 \ud788\uc988\ub77c\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \uc0b4\uc544\ub0a8\uc740 \uc548\uc90c\uc740 \ucf70\ube0c\uac00\uc758 \ub3d9\ub8cc\ub4e4\uacfc \ubc18\ubaa9\ud558\ub2e4\uac00 \uadf8\uacf3\uc744 \ub5a0\ub098 \ubb18\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud558\uace0, \ubb18\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\uc794\ub098\ud2b8 \uac8c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ud558\uc6b0\uc2a4\u2019\ub97c \ucc28\ub9b0 \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \uc18c\uc678\ub41c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\uae08\uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \ub9c8\ub828\ud574 \uc900\ub2e4. \uac8c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc911 \ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc778 \uc0ac\ub2f4 \ud6c4\uc138\uc778(Saddam Hussein)\uc740 \uc6d0\ub798 \uc18c\uac00\uc8fd\uc744 \ubb34\ub450\uc9c8\ud558\ub294 \ud78c\ub450 \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ubbfc \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098, \uc18c\ub97c \uc8fd\uc600\ub2e4\ub294 \ud610\uc758\ub85c \ud3ed\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0b4\ud574\ub2f9\ud55c \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\uace0 \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uc73c\ub85c \uac1c\uc885\ud55c \ud6c4 \uc6b0\uc0c1\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ub530 \uac1c\uba85\ud55c \uc778\ubb3c\ub85c\uc11c, \uc0ac\ub2f4\uc758 \uc5d0\ud53c\uc18c\ub4dc\ub294 \uc18c\uac00\uc8fd\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ubbfc \u2018\ucc28\ub9c8\ub974\u2019(cam\u0101r, chamar) \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uac70\ub860\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc8fc\ub85c \ub2ec\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc218\ucc9c \uba85\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6b0\ub098\ub77c\ub294 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ubaa8\uc5ec \uc2dc\uc704\ub97c \ubc8c\uc774\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\ud53d\uc5c5\ud2b8\ub7ed\uc5d0 \uc18c \uc0ac\uccb4\ub97c \uc2e3\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ub2e4\uc12f \uba85\uc758 \ub2ec\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub97c \uacf5\uac1c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9e4\uc9c8\ud55c \uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0 \ud56d\uc758\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\uc600\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\uc624\ub798 \uc804 \uc0ac\ub2f4\uc758 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uac00 \uadf8\ub7ac\ub358 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \uc18c \uc0ac\uccb4\ub97c \ud2b8\ub7ed\uc5d0 \uc2e4\uc740 \uac83\ubfd0\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\uacf5\uac1c\uc801\uc778 \ub9e4\uc9c8\uc744 \ub2f9\ud55c \uac83\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc218\uce58\uc2ec\uc744 \uacac\ub51c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub358 \ub2e4\uc12f \ub0a8\uc790\ub294 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc790\uc0b4\uc744 \uae30\ub3c4\ud588\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\uadf8\uc911 \ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc790\uc0b4\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4<\/i>. \u201c<\/i>\ucc98\uc74c\uc5d4 \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uad50\ub3c4\uc640 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub3c4\ub97c \uc81c\uac70\ud558\ub824\uace0 \ud558\ub354\ub2c8 \uc774\uc81c \ucc28\ub9c8\ub974\ub4e4\uc744 \ub178\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4<\/i>.\u201d <\/i>\uc548\uc90c\uc774 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4<\/i>.<\/i>(\ub85c\uc774 2020:412)<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\uac00\uc8fd\uc8fc\uba38\ub2c8\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5\uc790. \u2018\ucc28\ub9c8\ub974\u2019 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc758 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\uc77c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\uce21\ub41c\ub2e4. (Tashrih al-aqvam, 1825)<\/strong>
\ucd9c\ucc98: \uc704\ud0a4\ud53c\ub514\uc544<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\ud55c\ud3b8 \uc2dc\uc704\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\uc774\ub294 \ub378\ub9ac \uad11\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uac80\uc740 \ud53c\ubd80\uc758 \uc5ec\uc790\uc544\uc774\uac00 \ubc84\ub824\uc9c0\uace0, \uc548\uc90c\uc774 \uc544\uc774\ub97c \ub370\ub824\uac00\uace0\uc790 \uacbd\ucc30\ub4e4\uacfc \uc2e4\ub791\uc774\ub97c \ubc8c\uc774\ub294 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c0\ub294\ub370, \uc544\uc774\ub97c \ub370\ub824\uac04 \uac83\uc740 \ub610 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc8fc\uc778\uacf5\uc778 \uac80\uc740 \ud53c\ubd80\uc758 \ud2f8\ub85c\ub77c\ub294 \uc5ec\uc131\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \ub300\ud559\uc744 \ub2e4\ub2c8\ub358 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uc5f0\uadf9 \uc5f0\uc2b5\uc744 \ud558\ub358 \uc911 \ubb34\uc0ac(Musa), \ub098\uac00(Naga), \ube44\ud50c\ub78d(Biplab) \uc138 \ub0a8\uc790\ub97c \ub9cc\ub098\uace0, \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc0ac\uc815\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \uce74\uc288\ubbf8\ub974 \ubd84\ub9ac \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ud718\ub9d0\ub824 \ub4e4\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc628\uac16 \uace0\ucd08\ub97c \uacaa\uc740 \ud2f8\ub85c\ub294 \ube44\ud50c\ub78d\uc774 \uc18c\uc720\ud558\ub294 \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\ud65c\ud558\uace0, \ud6d4\uce5c \uc544\uc774\uc5d0\uac8c \ubb34\uc0ac\uc758 \ub538 \ubbf8\uc2a4 \uc81c\ube48(Mis Jebeen)\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ub530\uc11c \ubbf8\uc2a4 \uc81c\ube48 2\uc138(Miss Jebeen the Second)\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ubd99\uc5ec\uc900 \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \uc548\uc90c\uc758 \uc794\ub098\ud2b8 \uac8c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ud558\uc6b0\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \uad50\uc0ac \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ub9e1\ub294\ub2e4. \uc778\ub3c4 \ucd5c\ubd81\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud55c \uce74\uc288\ubbf8\ub974\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\uc640 \ud30c\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub3c5\ub9bd \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ucca8\uc608\ud55c \ub300\ub9bd\uc758 \ud604\uc7a5\uc774 \ub41c \uacf3\uc774\uba70,5)<\/a> \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub3c5\ub9bd\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc800\uc790 \uc544\ub8ec\ub2e4\ud2f0 \ub85c\uc774 \ub610\ud55c \uacf5\uac1c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uce74\uc288\ubbf8\ub974\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\uc791\uc740 \uac83\ub4e4\uc758 \uc528\uc904\uacfc \ub0a0\uc904\uc774 \uc5ee\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \uac70\ub300\ud55c \ud0dc\ud53c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac<\/b><\/h5>\n

\ube44\uad50\uc801 \ud55c\uc815\uc801\uc778 \ucf00\ub784\ub77c\ub77c\ub294 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \uac08\ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc5c8\ub358 \uccab \uc791\ud488\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574, \u300e\uc9c0\ubcf5\uc758 \uc131\uc790\u300f\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc11c\uc788\ub294 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \u2018\ud06c\uace0 \uc791\uc740\u2019 \uac83\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc18d\ub41c \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc774 \uac01\uc790\uc758 \ub0b4\ub7ec\ud2f0\ube0c\ub97c \ub2e4\uce35\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub04c\uc5b4 \uac00\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ucde8\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \u2018\uc791\uc740\u2019 \uc874\uc7ac\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\ub294 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc548\uc90c\uacfc \ud2f8\ub85c\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \uac01\uc790\uc758 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \uac01 \uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ud480\uc5b4\ub193\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \ud3ed\ub825\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubc30\uc81c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0dd\uc0dd\ud558\uac8c \uc54c\ub824 \uc900\ub2e4. \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc5d0\uc138\uc774\uc9d1 \u300e\uc544\uc790\ub514: \uc790\uc720, \ud30c\uc2dc\uc998, \ud53d\uc158\u300f(Azadi: Freedom, Fascism, Fiction<\/i>)\uc5d0\uc11c \ub85c\uc774\ub294 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \u201c\ud558\ub098\uc758 \uad6d\uac00, \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4, \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc885\uad50, \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uad50\ub9ac\u201d\uac00 \u2018\uad6d\uac00\u2019\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \u2018\ub300\ub959\u2019\uc5d0 \ubd80\uacfc\ub418\ub294 \ubd88\ud569\ub9ac\ud568\uc744 \uc9c0\uc801\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc778\ub3c4\ub294 \u201d\ub2e4\uc591\ud558\uace0 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \u2013 \ubc29\uc5b8\uc744 \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uace0\ub3c4 \ucd5c\uc885\uc801\uc73c\ub85c 780\uac1c\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\uc5ec \u2026 \uc720\ub7fd \uc804\uccb4\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2cc\u201d \ub300\ub959\uc778 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4(Ghadiali 2020). \uadf8\ub140\uac00 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\ub294 \uc774 \uac19\uc740 \uc791\uc740 \uc694\uc18c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\uc5ec \uc774\ub8e8\ub294 \u201c\uad11\ud65c\ud55c \ubc14\ub2e4\u201d\uc774\uc790 \u201c\uae68\uc9c0\uae30 \uc27d\uace0 \ubd80\uc11c\uc9c0\uae30 \uc26c\uc6b4 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc0dd\ud0dc\uacc4\u201d\uc778 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uccab \uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc548\uc90c\uacfc \ub300\ud654\ub97c \ub098\ub204\ub294 \uc2dc\uac01\uc7a5\uc560\uc778 \uc774\ub9d8 \uc9c0\uc544\uc6b0\ub518(Imam Ziaudin)\uc740 \uc2dc\ub825\uc744 \uc783\uc740 \ucd08\ub85d\uc0c9 \ub208\uc744 \uac00\ub298\uac8c \ub728\uba70 \uc548\uc90c\uc5d0\uac8c \ubb3b\ub294\ub2e4. \u201c\ub9d0\ud574\ubcf4\uac8c, \ub2f9\uc2e0\ub124 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc8fd\uc73c\uba74 \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0 \ubb3b\ud788\uc9c0? \uc2dc\uccb4\ub294 \ub204\uac00 \ubaa9\uc695\uc2dc\ud0a4\uc9c0? \uae30\ub3c4\ub294 \ub204\uac00 \uc62c\ub9ac\uc9c0?\u201d \uc9c0\uc544\uc6b0\ub518\uc758 \uc774 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\ub2f9\uc2e0\ub124 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\u2019\uc740 \uba85\ubc31\ud788 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc30\uc81c\ub41c \ud788\uc988\ub77c \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4. \ud788\uc988\ub77c\ub294 \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uc7a5\ub840\uc2dd\uc5d0\uc11c \ud658\uc601\ubc1b\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc548\uc90c\uc740 \ud06c\uac8c \uc0c1\ucc98\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \uacf5\uaca9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub418\ubb3b\ub294\ub2e4. \u201c\uc774\ub9d8\ub2d8, \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0c9\uae54\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub9d0\ud560 \ub54c\u2014\ube68\uac04\uc0c9, \ud30c\ub780\uc0c9, \uc624\ub80c\uc9c0\uc0c9 \uac19\uc740 \ub9d0\ub85c \ud669\ud63c\uc758 \ud558\ub298\uc774\ub098 \ub77c\ub9c8\ub2e8 \uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc6d4\ucd9c\uc744 \ubb18\uc0ac\ud560 \ub54c\u2014\ub2f9\uc2e0 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc18d\uc5d4 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \ub5a0\uc624\ub974\ub098\uc694?\u201d \uc591\uc9c0\ubc14\ub978 \ubb34\ub364\uc5d0 \uc549\uc544 \uc11c\ub85c\uc5d0\uac8c \u2018\uce58\uba85\uc801\uc774\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud55c \uc0c1\ucc98\ub97c \ub0b8 \ud6c4\u2019 \uc548\uc90c\uc740 \uc774 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc744 \uc774\uc5b4 \uac04\ub2e4. \u201c\ub299\uc740 \uc0c8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0 \uac00\uc11c \uc8fd\ub098\uc694? \ud558\ub298\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac \uba38\ub9ac \uc704\ub85c \ub3cc\ucc98\ub7fc \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub098\uc694? \uae38\uac70\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0c8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2dc\uccb4\uac00 \uc6b0\ub9ac \ubc1c\ubd80\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uac78\ub9ac\ub098\uc694? \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc774 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ub0b8 \uc804\uc9c0\uc804\ub2a5\ud55c \uc874\uc7ac\uac00 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub97c \ub370\ub824\uac08 \uc801\ub2f9\ud55c \ubc29\ub3c4\ub97c \ub9c8\ub828\ud574 \ub193\uc558\uc744\uae4c\uc694?\u201d(\ub85c\uc774 2020:23) \uc774\ud6c4 \uc774\ub9d8 \uc9c0\uc544\uc6b0\ub518\uc740 \uc794\ub098\ud2b8 \uac8c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ud558\uc6b0\uc2a4\uc758 \uc7a5\ub840\uc2dd\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ubb3b\ud78c \ud788\uc988\ub77c\ub4e4 \uc911 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc7a5\ub840\ub97c \uc9d1\uc804\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub3cc\uc544\uc624\uba70 \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \ud654\ud569\uc774 \uc554\uc2dc\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\ud558\uc988\ub77c\ud2b8 \uc0ac\ub974\ub9c8\ub4dc \uc0e4\ud788\ub4dc\uc758 \uc601\ubb18\uc640 \uadf8 \ub0b4\ubd80.<\/strong>
\ucd9c\ucc98: \ub378\ub9ac\ud53c\ub514\uc544
(https:\/\/delhipedia.com\/tale-of-the-naked-fakir-dargah-hazrat-sarmad-shaheed\/)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\uc18c\uc124\uc758 \uc81c\ubaa9\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c \u2018\uc9c0\ubcf5\uc758 \uc131\uc790\u2019\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc791\uc911 \u2018\ud558\uc988\ub77c\ud2b8 \uc0ac\ub974\ub9c8\ub4dc \uc0e4\ud788\ub4dc\u2019(Hazrat Sarmad Shaheed)\ub77c\ub294 \uc131\uc790\uc758 \uc601\ubb18(\u9748\u5edf)\ub97c \ubc29\ubb38\ud558\ub294 \uc7a5\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b8\uae09\ub41c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 300\uc5ec \ub144 \uc804 \ud78c\ub450 \uc18c\ub144\uc744 \uc0ac\ub791\ud558\uc5ec \ud398\ub974\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\ub3c4\ub85c \uac74\ub108\uc628 \uc218\ub3c4\uc2b9\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub378\ub9ac \uac70\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc8c\uac70\ubc97\uc740 \ucc44\ub85c \uc0b4\uc558\ub358 \uadf8\ub294 \ucc38\uc218\ud615\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud574\uc9c8 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc0ac\ub791\uc758 \uc2dc\ub97c \uc554\uc1a1\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc804\ud574\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc6d0\ub798 \uc720\ub300\uacc4 \uc544\ub974\uba54\ub2c8\uc544\uc778\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uad50\ub85c \uac1c\uc885\ud588\ub358 \uadf8\ub294 \uc54c\ub77c\uc2e0\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uc601\uc801 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uace0\uc9d1\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ub2f9\uc2dc \ubb34\uad74 \ud669\uc81c \uc544\uc6b0\ub791\uc81c\ube0c(Aurangzeb)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ucc98\ud615\ub2f9\ud588\ub2e4(\uc190\uc11d\uc8fc 2021:51).<\/p>\n

\u300e\uc9c0\ubcf5\uc758 \uc131\uc790\u300f\uc5d0 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc0e4\ud788\ub4dc \uc131\uc790\ub97c \ub2ee\uc544\uc788\ub2e4. \uae30\uc874\uc758 \uc820\ub354 \uc804\ud1b5\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \ucc44 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucc28\ubcc4\uacfc \ubaa8\uc695\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\ub41c \uc548\uc90c, \uac80\uc740 \ud53c\ubd80\ub85c \uacc4\uae09\uc801 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc758 \uc2dc\uc120\uc744 \ubc1b\uc73c\uba70 \uc81c\ub3c4 \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\ucc29\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \ubd80\ud45c \uac19\uc740 \uc0b6\uc744 \uc0b4\uc544\uac00\ub358 \ud2f8\ub85c\ub294 \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc\uacfc \ud78c\ub450\uac00 \uadf9\ub2e8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\ub9bd\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\uc790\ub77c\ud2b8\uc640 \uce74\uc288\ubbf8\ub974\ub97c \ubc30\uacbd\uc73c\ub85c, \uc18c\uc704 \ud78c\ub450\ud2b8\ubc14(Hindutva)\ub85c \ub300\ubcc0\ub418\ub294 \ud78c\ub450 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uacc4\uae09\uc801 \ud3ed\ub825\uc774 \ub09c\ubb34\ud558\ub294 \uc774 \ub450 \uacf5\uac04\uc744 \uacbd\ud5d8\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc77c\uc885\uc758 \uc720\uc0ac\uac00\uc871\uc744 \uafb8\ub824\ub098\uac04\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc791\uc911 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc758 \ud589\ubcf4\ub294 \ud2f8\ub85c\uac00 \ud6d4\uce5c \uc544\uc774\uc758 \uc0dd\ubaa8 \ub808\ubc14\ud2f0(Revathy)\uc758 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \ub354\uc6b1 \ud655\uc7a5\ub418\ub294\ub370, \ub9c8\uc624\uc774\uc2a4\ud2b8(Maoist) \uac8c\ub9b4\ub77c\uc600\ub358 \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \uc5ec\uc12f \uacbd\ucc30\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc131\ud3ed\ud589\uc744 \ub2f9\ud55c \ud6c4 \uc784\uc2e0\ud558\uace0, \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \ub538\uc744 \ub378\ub9ac \uad11\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc720\uae30\ud588\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc0dd\ubaa8\uac00 \ucc98\uc74c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud55c \uc544\uc774\uc758 \uc774\ub984 \u2018\uc6b0\ub2e4\uc57c\u2019(Udaya)\ub294 \uc77c\ucd9c\uc744 \ub73b\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc548\uc90c\uc774 \uc790\uc774\ub098\ube0c\uc5d0\uac8c \ud78c\ub450 \ud3ed\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc744 \ub9cc\ub0ac\uc744 \ub54c \ud78c\ub450\uc778 \ucc99 \ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc678\uc6b0\ub3c4\ub85d \uc54c\ub824 \uc900 \uc0b0\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9ac\ud2b8 \ucc2c\uac00 \u2018\uac00\uc57c\ud2b8\ub9ac \ub9cc\ud2b8\ub77c\u2019(G\u0101yatr\u012b Mantra)\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4 \uace0\ub300 \uc778\ub3c4 \uacbd\uc804 \u300e\ub9ac\uadf8\ubca0\ub2e4\u300f(\u1e5agveda<\/i>)\uc758 \ud0dc\uc591 \ucc2c\uac00\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub460 \uc18d\uc5d0 \ubb3b\ud600 \uc788\ub358 \ub9cc\ubb3c\uc744 \ud0dc\uc591\uc758 \ube5b\uc774 \ubc1d\ud600 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ucd09\uad6c\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uc774 \ucc2c\uac00\ub294 \ud0dc\uc591\uc774 \uc9c0\ub2cc \ube5b\uacfc \uc5f4\uae30, \uae0d\uc815\uc801 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0c1\uc9d5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc791\uc911 \uc778\ub3c4 \ud604\ub300\uc0ac\uc758 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc790 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc8fd\uc74c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370\uc11c\ub3c4, \ubb18\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\uae08\uc790\ub9ac\ub85c \ud55c \uc794\ub098\ud2b8 \uac8c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ud558\uc6b0\uc2a4\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \ubbf8\uc2a4 \uc81c\ube48 2\uc138\uac00 \uc774\uc5b4 \ub098\uac00\ub294 \uc544\uc2a4\ub77c\ud55c \ud76c\ub9dd\uc758 \ub048\uc744 \ub193\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uac00 \uc9c1\uc870\ub41c \uac70\ub300\ud558\uace0 \ube44\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub77c\ub294 \ud0dc\ud53c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc5d0\ub294, \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \u2018\uc791\uc740 \uac83\u2019\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b8 (\ud639\uc740 \ud0a4\uc6cc \ub0b8) \ud55c\uc904\uae30 \ud0dc\uc591\uc758 \ube5b\uc904\uae30\uac00 \ube44\uce58\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ub4ef\ud558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \uc544\ub8ec\ub2e4\ud2f0 \ub85c\uc774\ub294 \u300e\uc9c0\ubcf5\uc758 \uc131\uc790\u300f\uc758 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ubb38\uc7a5\uc744 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ub9c8\ubb34\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uacb0\uad6d\uc5d4 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac8c \ub2e4 \uad1c\ucc2e\uc744 \uac83\uc784\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\uadf8\ub807\uac8c \ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\uadf8\ub798\uc57c\ub9cc \ud558\ub2c8\uae4c<\/i>.
\n<\/i>\uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \ubbf8\uc2a4 \uc81c\ube48<\/i>, <\/i>\ubbf8\uc2a4 \uc6b0\ub2e4\uc57c \uc81c\ube48\uc774 \uc654\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/i>.<\/i>(\ub85c\uc774 2020:446)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc800\uc790\uc18c\uac1c<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\ub958\ud604\uc815<\/b>(rhj_varoru@snu.ac.kr)<\/b>\uc740
\n\uc11c\uc6b8\ub300\ud559\uad50 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5b8\uc5b4\ubb38\uba85\ud559\ubd80 \uac15\uc0ac\uc774\ub2e4. \ub3d9\uad6d\ub300\ud559\uad50 \uc778\ub3c4\ucca0\ud559\uacfc \ubc15\uc0ac\ud559\uc704\ub97c \ucde8\ub4dd\ud558\uace0, \uace0\uc804 \uc0b0\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9ac\ud2b8 \ubb38\ud559, \uc778\ub3c4 \uc2e0\ud654 \ubc0f \uc885\uad50 \uad00\ub828 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc9c4\ud589\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4. \ub300\ud45c \ub17c\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \u201c\ud76c\uace1 <\ub098\uac00\ub09c\ub2e4>(n\u0101g\u0101nanda<\/i>) \uc5f0\uad6c\u201d, \u201c\ub9f9\uc138\uc640 \uc2e4\ud589\uc73c\ub85c \uc644\uc131\ub418\ub294 \uc2dc\uc758 \ub17c\ub9ac: \u300e\uce74\ube44\uc57c\uc54c\ub78c\uce74\ub77c\u300f(K\u0101vy\u0101la\u1e43k\u0101ra<\/i>) \uc81c5\uc7a5\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c\u201d \ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\n

1)\u00a0\ud788\uc988\ub77c(hijra)\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc591\uc131\uad6c\uc720\uc758 \uc131\ubcc4\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774\uac70\ub098 \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0a0 \ub54c \ub0a8\uc131\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc131\uc801 \uc9c0\ud5a5\uc774 \uc5ec\uc131\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ud639\uc740 \uc131\uc804\ud658\uc790\ub97c \uc9c0\uce6d\ud560 \ub54c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc131 \ub610\ub294 \uc820\ub354\uc758 \uc18c\uc720\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \ud754\ud788 \u2018\uc81c3\uc758 \uc131\u2019\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\ub9ac\uba70 \uc778\ub3c4\uc640 \ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub3c5\uc790\uc801 \ubb38\ud654\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0 \ubb34\ub9ac\ub97c \uc9c0\uc5b4 \uc0dd\ud65c\ud558\uc5ec \uc77c\uc885\uc758 \ucee4\ubba4\ub2c8\ud2f0\ub97c \uad6c\uc131\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uad00\ub828 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 \uae40\uacbd\ud559(2022) \ucc38\uc870.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\ud30c\ub77c\ubc18(Paravan \ub610\ub294 Bharathar)\uc740 \ucf00\ub784\ub77c\uc8fc \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8(Scheduled Caste) \uc911\uc758 \ud558\ub098\ub85c, \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ubbfc\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c\ub2e4. Kerala Public Service Commission\uc758 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ubaa9\ub85d \ucc38\uc870.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\uce74\ud0c0\uce7c\ub9ac(Kathakali)\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4 \uace0\uc804 \uc11c\uc0ac\uc2dc\ub97c \uc18c\uc7ac\ub85c \ud589\ud574\uc9c0\ub294 \ucf00\ub784\ub77c \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uadf9\uc73c\ub85c, \uc778\ub3c4 8\ub300 \uc804\ud1b5\uadf9 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\uc774\uba70, \ud654\ub824\ud55c \ubd84\uc7a5\uacfc \uc758\uc0c1\uc774 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\ud0a8\ub098\ub974(kinnar)\ub294 \ud788\uc988\ub77c\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub294 \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc6a9\uc5b4\uc774\ub2e4. \uc0b0\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9ac\ud2b8\uc5b4\ub85c kinnara \ub610\ub294 ki\u1e43nara(\uc5ec\uc131\uba85\uc0ac\ub85c\ub294 kinnar\u012b, ki\u1e43nar\u012b)\ub294 \uc758\ubb38\uc0ac kim(\ubb34\uc5c7, \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c)\uacfc nara(\uc0ac\ub78c, \ub0a8\uc790)\uc758 \ud569\uc131\uc5b4\ub85c\uc11c, \u2018\ub300\uccb4 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc778\uac00?\u2019\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \ub0b4\ud3ec\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc2e0\ud654\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ubc18\uc2e0\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\ub85c\uc11c \uc0c8 \ud639\uc740 \uae30\ud0c0 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uacfc \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc774 \ud569\uccd0\uc9c4 \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \ucde8\ud558\uace0, \uc74c\uc545\uacfc \uc720\ud76c\ub97c \uc990\uae30\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\ub85c \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uacfc \uc774\ud6c4 \uc815\uce58\uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uac15\uc131\uc6a9(2021) \ucc38\uc870.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc<\/strong><\/p>\n