{"id":3533,"date":"2019-12-19T10:49:21","date_gmt":"2019-12-19T01:49:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/?p=3533"},"modified":"2019-12-24T11:49:10","modified_gmt":"2019-12-24T02:49:10","slug":"%ec%bd%94%ec%b9%b4%ec%84%9c%ec%8a%a4-%ec%98%a4%ec%9d%bc-%eb%9f%ac%ec%8b%9c-%ec%95%84%ec%a0%9c%eb%a5%b4%eb%b0%94%ec%9d%b4%ec%9e%94-%eb%b0%94%ec%bf%a0-%ec%9c%a0%ec%a0%84%ea%b3%bc-%eb%85%b8%eb%b2%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/?p=3533","title":{"rendered":"\ucf54\uce74\uc11c\uc2a4 \uc624\uc77c \ub7ec\uc2dc, \uc544\uc81c\ub974\ubc14\uc774\uc794 \ubc14\ucfe0 \uc720\uc804\uacfc \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\uc591\uc2b9\uc870<\/strong>(\uc22d\uc2e4\ub300\ud559\uad50)<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38\uacfc \ubc14\ucfe0\uc720\uc804 \uac1c\ubc1c<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc11d\uc720\uac1c\ubc1c \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \ubc14\ucfe0 \uc720\uc804\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 19\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \ucf54\uce74\uc11c\uc2a4 \uc6d0\uc815\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uce74\uc2a4\ud53c\ud574 \uc11c\ub0a8\ubd80\uc9c0\uc5ed\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc9c4\ucd9c\ud558\ub294\ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud55c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc81c\uad6d\uc740 \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc138\uacc4\uc801 \uc720\uc804\uc9c0\ub300\uc600\ub358 \ubc14\ucfe0 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \uc190\uc5d0 \ub123\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc11d\uc720\uc0b0\uc5c5\uc740 \uc138\uacc4 \uadf8 \uc5b4\ub290 \ub098\ub77c\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 \uc55e\uc120 19\uc138\uae30 \uc911\ubc18\ubd80\ud130 \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \ubbf8\uad6d \ub2e4\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc591\uc758 \uc6d0\uc720\uc640 \uc815\uc81c\uc720\ub97c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud558\uace0 \uc218\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub2f9\uc2dc \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uac00 \uc11d\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0 \ub300\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uc7a5\ud55c \ub370\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374 \uc774\uc8fc\ubbfc \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uc774 \ucef8\ub2e4. \ub178\ubca8 \uac00 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uc778\ubb3c\uc740 \ub2e4\uc774\ub108\ub9c8\uc774\ud2b8 \uac1c\ubc1c\uacfc \ub178\ubca8\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uc54c\ud504\ub808\ub4dc \ub178\ubca8\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc54c\ud504\ub808\ub4dc \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uc640 \ud615\uc81c\ub4e4\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub97c \ubb34\ub300\ub85c \ud070 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\uace0 \uc6b4\uc601\ud588\ub358 \uad75\uc9c1\ud55c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uac00\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38\uacfc \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uae34\ubc00\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uc774\uc8fc 1\uc138\ub300\uc778 \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8, \uadf8\uc758 \ub458\uc9f8 \uc544\ub4e4\uc778 \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8, \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4 \uc5d0\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc774 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub85c \uadc0\ud654\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\uac8c \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8 \ub178\ubca8 2\uc138\uc758 \uc704 \ub450 \uc544\ub4e4\uc778 \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\uc640 \ub85c\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\uc740 \ubc14\ucfe0 \uc720\uc804 \uc9c0\ub300\ub97c \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uac70\ub300\ud55c \uc11d\uc720 \uae30\uc5c5\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \ub098\uc544\uac00 \uc774\ub97c 1917\ub144 10\uc6d4 \ud601\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc\uc170\ube44\ud0a4 \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc124 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac70\ub300 \uae30\uc5c5 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uc7a5\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3582\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3582\" style=\"width: 950px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3582 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ub178\ubca8\u5bb6-e1577061403754.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"950\" height=\"646\" srcset=\"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ub178\ubca8\u5bb6-e1577061403754.jpg 950w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ub178\ubca8\u5bb6-e1577061403754-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ub178\ubca8\u5bb6-e1577061403754-768x522.jpg 768w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ub178\ubca8\u5bb6-e1577061403754-696x473.jpg 696w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ub178\ubca8\u5bb6-e1577061403754-618x420.jpg 618w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3582\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8 \ub178\ubca8 2\uc138\uc640 \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38 \uac00\uacc4\ub3c4<\/strong><br \/>\uc790\ub8cc: Wikimedia<br \/>\u00a9 DIVERSE+ASIA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\uc774\uc8fc: \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38 \ubc88\ucc3d\uc758 \uacc4\uae30<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8 \ub178\ubca8 2\uc138\ub294 \ucc3d\uc758\uc131\uc774 \ud48d\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \uc7ac\ub2a5 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\uc220\uc790\uc600\ub2e4. \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uc778 \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8 \ub178\ubca8 1\uc138\ub294 \uad70\ub300\uc5d0\uc11c \uc758\ubb34\uad00(\u91ab\u52d9\u5b98)\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf5\ubb34\ud558\ub2e4 \uc81c\ub300 \ud6c4 \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374 \uc608\ube14\ub808(G\u00e4vle)\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ubcd1\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc758\uc0ac\ub85c \uc77c\ud588\uc73c\ub098, \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc0c1\ud669\uc740 \uadf8\ub9ac \uc88b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ub178\ubca8 2\uc138\ub294 \uc815\uaddc \uad50\uc721\uc744 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \ucc44 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc5b4\ub9b0 \uc18c\ub144\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 14\uc138\ubd80\ud130 3\ub144\uac04 \uc120\uc6d0 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ud588\ub2e4. 1819\ub144\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub294 \uc2a4\ud1a1\ud640\ub984\ubbf8\uc220\uc544\uce74\ub370\ubbf8(Kungliga Akademien f\u00f6r de fria konsterna)\uc5d0 \uc785\ud559\ud574\uc11c \uac74\ucd95\ud559\uc744 \uc804\uacf5\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc878\uc5c5 \ud6c4 \uc790\uae30 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc555\ucc29 \ub864\ub7ec, \uc790\ub3d9\ub3d9\ub825\uc7a5\uce58, \uc678\uacfc\uc6a9 \uae30\uacc4, \ub098\ubb34\uc9c0\ub8b0 \ub4f1\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub3c5\ucc3d\uc801\uc778 \ubb3c\uac74\ub4e4\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ud310\ub9e4\ud588\ub358 \uadf8\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc740 \uc88b\uc740 \uc131\uacfc\ub97c \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc545\uc870\uac74\ub4e4 \u2013 \uadf8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \uacbd\ud5d8 \ubd80\uc871, \ub2f9\uc2dc \uce68\uccb4\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374 \uacbd\uc81c \uc0c1\ud669, \uadf8\uc758 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc744 \uc557\uc544\uac04 \uc790\ud0dd \ud654\uc7ac \uc0ac\uac74 \u2013 \uc774 \uc911\ucca9\ub418\uba74\uc11c \ud30c\uc0b0\ud558\uace0 \ub9d0\uc558\ub2e4. \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud574 \uc788\ub358 \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc740 \uc6b0\uc5f0\ud55c \uae30\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374\uc5d0 \ud30c\uacac \uc628 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ud2b9\uc0ac\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc790\uae30 \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ud574 \ubcf4\ub77c\ub294 \uad8c\uace0\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\uc5d0 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub85c\uc758 \uc774\uc8fc\ub97c \uacb0\uc2ec\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uac00\uc871\uc744 \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374\uc5d0 \ub450\uace0 \ud640\ub85c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0 \uc628 \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8 \ub178\ubca8 2\uc138\ub294 \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc7ac\ub2a5\uc744 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uacc4\ud558\ub294\ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4. 1837\ub144\uc5d0 \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc740 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \uc790\uce58\uad6d\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \ud540\ub780\ub4dc \ub300\uacf5\uad6d(\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0424\u0438\u043d\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435)\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \uc0c1\ud2b8\ud398\ud14c\ub974\ubd80\ub974\ud06c\ub85c \uc774\uc8fc\ud588\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc218\ub3c4\uc778 \uc0c1\ud2b8\ud398\ud14c\ub974\ubd80\ub974\ud06c\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \uc8fc\uc694 \ud56d\uad6c\ub4e4\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ubb34\uae30\ub85c \uae30\ub8b0\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0\uc11c \uad00\ub828 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1838\ub144\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ud2b8\ud398\ud14c\ub974\ubd80\ub974\ud06c\uc5d0 \uc791\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc744 \uac1c\uc124\ud55c \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\ub3c4 \uac15\ub825\ud558\uace0 \uc548\uc804\ud55c \uae30\ub8b0 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0 \uc9c4\ub825\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 1842\ub144\uc5d0 \uc624\ud750\ud0c0\uac15(\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u041e\u0445\u0442\u0430)<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc8c\uc778 \uae30\ub8b0 \ud3ed\ubc1c \uc2dc\uc5f0\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc740 \uad6d\uac00\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 25,000\uc740\ub8e8\ube14\uc744 \uc0c1\uae08\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\uba70, \uad00\ub828 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \ucd5c\uc885\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc644\ub8cc\ub420 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub9e4\uc77c 25\uc740\ub8e8\ube14\uc744 \uae09\uc5ec\ub85c \uc9c0\uae09\ubc1b\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\ub54c\ub97c \uae30\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8 \ub178\ubca8 2\uc138\uc758 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc740 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uc131\uc7a5\ud588\ub2e4. \uad6d\uac00\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc0c1\uae08\uc740 \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc774 \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c4 \ube5a\uc744 \uccad\uc0b0\ud558\uace0, \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \ud655\ub300\ud558\uba70, \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374\uc5d0 \ub450\uace0 \uc628 \uc544\ub0b4\uc640 \uc544\ub4e4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0c1\ud2b8\ud398\ud14c\ub974\ubd80\ub974\ud06c\ub85c \ub370\ub824\uc624\ub294\ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc790\uae08\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ub3d9\uc5c5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc791\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc744 &lt;\uc624\uac00\ub8cc\ud504\uc640 \ub178\ubca8(\u041e\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0451\u0432 \u0438 \u041d\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c)&gt;\uae30\uacc4\uacf5\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc7a5\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ucc9c\uba85\uc774 \ub118\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uac00 \ubc14\ud034 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uae30\uacc4, \uae30\uc120\uc6a9 \uc99d\uae30\uae30\uad00 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc885\ub958\uc758 \uae30\uacc4\ub4e4\uacfc \uc120\ubc15\uc744 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud588\ub2e4. 1851\ub144\uc5d0 \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc740 \uacf5\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc624\uac00\ub8cc\ud504\uc758 \uc9c0\ubd84\uc744 \uc0ac\ub4e4\uc778 \ud6c4 \uacf5\uc7a5 \uba85\uce6d\uc744 &lt;\ub178\ubca8\uacfc \uc544\ub4e4\ub4e4(\u041d\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f)&gt;\ub85c \ubcc0\uacbd\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ud06c\ub9bc<\/strong> <strong>\uc804\uc7c1<\/strong> <strong>\uc774\ud6c4<\/strong> <strong>\ub178\ubca8<\/strong> <strong>\uac00\ubb38<\/strong> <strong>\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc758<\/strong> <strong>\uc1e0\ud1f4\uc640<\/strong> <strong>\uc7ac\ub3c4\uc57d<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1853\ub144\uc5d0 \uc624\uc2a4\ub9cc \uc81c\uad6d\uacfc\uc758 \uc804\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c \ud06c\ub9bc \uc804\uc7c1(1853-1856)\uc740 \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc774 \uae09\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \ud655\ub300\ub418\ub294 \ub610 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uacc4\uae30\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uad70\uc218\ud488 \uc8fc\ubb38\uc774 \ud3ed\uc99d\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc758 \uacf5\uc7a5\uc740 \uc804\uc7c1 \ud2b9\uc218\ub97c \ub204\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc758 \uacf5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub41c \uae30\ub8b0\ub294 \ud06c\ub860\uc2dc\ud0c0\ud2b8(\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0442) \uc694\uc0c8<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> \uc8fc\ubcc0 \ubc14\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc124\uce58\ub418\uc5b4 \uc601\uad6d\uacfc \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \uad70\ud568\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0c1\ud2b8\ud398\ud14c\ub974\ubd80\ub974\ud06c\ub85c \uc9c4\uc785\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9c9\ub294\ub370 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uae30\uc5ec\ub97c \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 1856\ub144\uc5d0 \ud06c\ub9bc \uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \uc885\uacb0\ub418\uba74\uc11c \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8 \ub178\ubca8 2\uc138\uc758 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc740 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uc1e0\ud1f4\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc7c1 \ud2b9\uc218\uc5d0 \uace0\ubb34\ub41c \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc740 \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc8fc\ud55c \uc8fc\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub300\ucc98\ud558\uace0 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc81c\ud488\uc744 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub300\ucd9c\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uc0dd\uc0b0 \uc124\ube44\uc640 \uc778\ub825\uc744 \ubcf4\ucda9\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 1856\ub144\uc5d0 \ud06c\ub9bc \uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \ud328\ubc30\ub85c \uc885\ub8cc\ub418\uc790 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \uc9c0\ucd9c\uc744 \uc904\uc774\ub294 \ud55c \ubc29\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \uad70\ube44\ub97c \ucd95\uc18c\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc758 \uacf5\uc7a5\uacfc \ub9fa\uc5c8\ub358 \ubc1c\uc8fc \uacc4\uc57d\ub4e4\uc774 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucde8\uc18c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1858\ub144\uc5d0 \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc758 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 \uadf9\uc2ec\ud55c \uc7ac\uc815 \uc704\uae30\uc5d0 \ube60\uc9c0\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ub9c8\uce68\ub0b4 1859\ub144\uc5d0 \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc740 \ud68c\uc0ac \uacbd\uc601\uc744 \ud3ec\uae30\ud55c \ucc44 \uc544\ub0b4\uc640 \uc14b\uc9f8\uc640 \ub137\uc9f8\uc758 \ub450 \uc544\ub4e4\ub4e4\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac14\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\ub294 \uccab\uc9f8 \uc544\ub4e4\uacfc \ub458\uc9f8 \uc544\ub4e4\uc774 \ub0a8\uc544 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \uc815\ub9ac\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3580\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3580\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3580 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc8fc\uc694\uc0ac\uac74.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc8fc\uc694\uc0ac\uac74.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc8fc\uc694\uc0ac\uac74-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc8fc\uc694\uc0ac\uac74-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc8fc\uc694\uc0ac\uac74-696x928.jpg 696w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc8fc\uc694\uc0ac\uac74-1068x1424.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc8fc\uc694\uc0ac\uac74-315x420.jpg 315w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3580\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc0ac\uac74\uacfc \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc0ac\uac74<\/strong><br \/>\u00a9 DIVERSE+ASIA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8 \ub178\ubca8 2\uc138\uc758 \uc14b\uc9f8\uc778 \uc54c\ud504\ub808\ub4dc\ub294 \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac00 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ud3ed\ubc1c \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc778 \ub2c8\ud2b8\ub85c\uae00\ub9ac\uc138\ub9b0(nitroglycerin)\uc744 \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ud3b8\ub9ac\ud558\uac8c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uc77c\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc9c4\ud588\ub2e4. 1847\ub144\uc5d0 \uc18c\ube0c\ub808\ub85c(Ascanio Sobrero, 1812-1888)\uac00 \ub9cc\ub4e0 \ub2c8\ud2b8\ub85c\uae00\ub9ac\uc138\ub9b0\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc8fc\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \ud3ed\uc57d\uc778 \ud751\uc0c9\ud654\uc57d\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uac15\ud55c \ud3ed\ubc1c\ub825\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098, \ubb3c\uc9c8 \uc790\uccb4\uc758 \ubd88\uc548\uc815\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ud3ed\ubc1c\uc131\uc744 \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574\uc11c \uc0c1\uc6a9\ud654\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc744 \uacaa\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 1866\ub144\uc5d0 \uc54c\ud504\ub808\ub4dc\ub294 \uaddc\uc870\ud1a0\uc5d0 \ud761\uc218\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub2c8\ud2b8\ub85c\uae00\ub9ac\uc138\ub9b0\uc744 \uc548\uc815\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294\ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ub2e4\uc774\ub108\ub9c8\uc774\ud2b8\ub77c\ub294 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ud3ed\uc57d\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub0c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc138\uacc4 \uac01\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc774\ub108\ub9c8\uc774\ud2b8 \uc81c\uc870 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \ud2b9\ud5c8\ub85c \ub4f1\ub85d\ud558\uace0, \uc774\ub97c \ub3c5\uc810\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uc0b0\u00b7\ud310\ub9e4\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \ubd80\ub97c \ucd95\uc801\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubc18\uba74, \uccab\uc9f8\uc778 \ub85c\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\uc640 \ub458\uc9f8\uc778 \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\ub294 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uc758 \ub4a4\ub97c \uc774\uc5b4 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \ub450 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uac00 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\ud328\ud55c \ud6c4 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \uccad\uc0b0\ud558\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uc644\ub8cc\ub41c \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub3c4, \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \uac01\uc790 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \uc138\uc6cc \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uae30\uacc4\u00b7\ubb34\uae30 \ubd80\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc7a5\ub418\uace0 \ubc1c\uc804\ud588\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\ub294 1862\ub144\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ud2b8\ud398\ud14c\ub974\ubd80\ub974\ud06c \ubd81\ucabd\uc758 \uc791\uc740 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0 &lt;\ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8 \ub178\ubca8 \uae30\uacc4\uacf5\uc7a5(\u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434. \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433 \u041d\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c)\uc744 \uc124\ub9bd\ud574\uc11c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc885\ub958\uc758 \uae08\uc18d \uc81c\ud488\ub4e4\uacfc \uae30\uacc4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud588\ub2e4. \uc5bc\ub9c8 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \uadf8\uc758 \uacf5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud558\ub294 \ubb3c\ud488\ub4e4\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc88b\uc740 \ud3c9\uac00\ub97c \ubc1b\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0 \uacf5\uad6c, \ubb34\uae30 \ub4f1\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubb3c\ud488\ub4e4\uc744 \ub0a9\ud488\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\uc758 \uacf5\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc313\uc740 \uae30\uc220\uacfc \uc790\ubcf8\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\uacc4\uacf5\uc7a5\uacfc \ubb34\uae30\uacf5\uc7a5\uc744 \ucc3d\uc124\ud558\uace0 \uc778\uc218\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc720\uc218\uc758 \ubb34\uae30 \uc0dd\uc0b0 \uae30\uc5c5\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc \ub9cf\ud615\uc778 \ub85c\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\ub294 \ud5ec\uc2f1\ud0a4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub7a8\ud504\uc640 \ub4f1\uc720\ub97c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud558\ub294 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \uc138\uc6cc \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc774 \ubc88\ucc3d\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc790 1870\ub144\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub3d9\ucc38\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uacfc \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc758 \uc131\uc7a5 <\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8 \ub178\ubca8\uacfc \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\uc8fc\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc131\uacf5\uc744 \uc774\ub8e9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc740 19\uc138\uae30 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc81c\uad6d\uc774 \uc804\uc7c1, \uac1c\ud601 \ub4f1\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ucda9\uaca9\uc801 \uacfc\uc815\ub4e4\uc744 \uacaa\uc73c\uba70 \uadfc\ub300\ud654\uc640 \uc0b0\uc5c5\ud654\uc5d0\uc11c \ube60\ub978 \uc131\uacfc\ub97c \uac70\ub450\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. 19\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc811\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc790 \ub9c8\uc790 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub294 \ub098\ud3f4\ub808\uc639 \uc804\uc7c1\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uad8c \uc548\uc73c\ub85c \ube68\ub824 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac14\ub2e4. \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uad70\uc740 1812\ub144\uc5d0 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uad70\uc758 \uce68\uacf5\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c \uc870\uad6d\uc804\uc7c1(\u041e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430)<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2b9\ub9ac\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ud6c4 \ubc18 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ub3d9\ub9f9\uc758 \uc77c\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc81c 1\uc81c\uc815\uc744 \ubd95\uad34\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294\ub370 \ucee4\ub2e4\ub780 \uae30\uc5ec\ub97c \ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c\ub54c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub294 \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \ud30c\uc218\uafbc\uc744 \uc790\ucc98\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc790\ubd80\uc2ec\uc740 \ud06c\ub9bc \uc804\uc7c1(\u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430, 1853-1856)\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud328\ubc30\ub85c \ud06c\uac8c \ud6fc\uc190\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774 \uc804\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud328\ubc30\ub294 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac1c\ud601\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub974 2\uc138\ub294 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \ud6c4\uc9c4\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc790\uc131 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c 1861\ub144\uc758 \ub18d\ub178\uc81c \ud3d0\uc9c0 \uc120\uc5b8\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\uc73c\ub85c \uc7ac\uc815\uac1c\ud601, \uad50\uc721\uac1c\ud601, \ud589\uc815\uac1c\ud601, \uc0ac\ubc95\uac1c\ud601, \uad70\uac1c\ud601 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc5f0\uc774\uc5b4 \uc9c4\ud589\ud588\ub2e4. \uac1c\ud601\uc740 19\uc138\uae30 \ub9d0 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\ub300\ud654\uc640 \uc0b0\uc5c5\ud654\uc758 \uc9c4\uc804\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uacbd\uc81c \uc131\uc7a5\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub294 \uc678\ubd80\ub85c\uc758 \uc601\ud1a0 \ud33d\ucc3d\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud798\uc744 \uc3df\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \uc11c\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc640 \uc778\ub3c4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubd81\uc0c1\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \uc601\uad6d\u00b7\ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc138\ub825\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ucf54\uce74\uc11c\uc2a4 \uc9c0\uc5ed(\uce85\uce74\uc2a4 \uc804\uc7c1, 1817-1864)\uacfc \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc9c0\uc5ed(19\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18)\uc744 \uc815\ubcf5\ud588\uace0, \ub3d9\ubd81\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uccad\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc544\ubb34\ub974\uac15 \uc774\ubd81\uc9c0\uc5ed(\uc544\uc774\ud6c8 \uc870\uc57d, 1858)\uacfc \uc6b0\uc218\ub9ac\uac15 \uc5f0\uc548\uc9c0\uc5ed(\ubca0\uc774\uc9d5 \uc870\uc57d, 1860)\uc744 \ud68d\ub4dd\ud558\ub294\ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4. \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38\uc758 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc0ac\uc5c5, \uadf8 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc11d\uc720 \uac1c\ubc1c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc740 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\u00b7\uc815\uce58\uc801 \ubcc0\ud654\uc640 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ubc1c\uc804 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ubc14\ucfe0\uc720\uc804 \uac1c\ubc1c\uacfc \ub178\ubca8\ud615\uc81c\uc11d\uc720\uc0dd\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc2dd\ud68c\uc0ac \ucc3d\uc124<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">19\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc138\uacc4 \uc11d\uc720 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc744 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d\uacfc \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc600\ub2e4. \uc0c1\uc5c5\uc801 \uc11d\uc720 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc740 1859\ub144\uc5d0 \uc5d0\ub4dc\uc708 \ub4dc\ub808\uc774\ud06c(Edwin L. Drake)\uac00 \ucda9\uaca9\uc2dd \uc2dc\ucd94\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc815\uc744 \uad74\ucc29\ud574\uc11c \uc6d0\uc720\ub97c \ub300\ub7c9 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub54c \uc774\ub798\ub85c 19\uc138\uae30 \ub9d0\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubbf8\uad6d\uacfc \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc678 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub418\ub294 \uc6d0\uc720\ub7c9\uc740 \ucd5c\uc18c 2%\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd5c\ub300 8%\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud588\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub294 \ucf54\uce74\uc11c\uc2a4 \uc6d0\uc815\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ubc14\ucfe0 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uc758 \uc720\uc804\uc9c0\ub300\ub97c \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubc14\ucfe0\ub294 \uc624\ub79c \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc11d\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud55c \uacf3\uc73c\ub85c, 1930\ub144\ub300 \uc774\uc804\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc0b0 \uc11d\uc720\uc758 80\ud37c\uc13c\ud2b8 \uc774\uc0c1\uc744 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 1860\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ubc14\ucfe0\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc6d0\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc740 \uadf8 \uc591\uacfc \uc9c8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ubaa8\ub450 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0 \ud06c\uac8c \ub4a4\uccd0\uc838 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub2f9\uc2dc \ubc14\ucfe0 \uc720\uc804 \uc9c0\ub300\ub294 \uad6d\uc720\uc9c0\uc600\ub294\ub370, \uad6d\uac00\ub294 4\ub144 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \uc77c\uc815 \uc561\uc758 \uc784\ucc28\ub8cc\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \uc774 \ub545\uc744 \uc784\ub300\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774\ub807\ub4ef \uc784\ub300\uae30\uac04\uc774 \uc9e7\uc558\uae30\uc5d0 \uc720\uc804\uac1c\ubc1c\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \ube44\uc6a9\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc18c\uc694\ub418\ub294 \ubcf8\uaca9\uc801\uc778 \uc720\uc804 \uc2dc\ucd94 \ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc595\uc740 \uc720\uc815\uc774\ub098 \uad6c\ub369\uc774\ub97c \ud30c\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc6d0\uc720\ub97c \ucc44\ucde8\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\ub4ef \ubc14\ucfe0 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc6d0\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0 \uae30\uc220 \uc218\uc900\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub0ae\uc558\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ubc14\ucfe0 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub41c \uc6d0\uc720\ub294 \uc591\ub3c4 \uc801\uc5c8\uc744 \ubfd0 \ub354\ub7ec, \uc9c8\ub3c4 \ub0ae\uc558\ub2e4. \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub41c \uc6d0\uc720\ub97c \uc218\uc1a1\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc27d\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544\uc11c, \ucca0\ub3c4\ub9dd\uc774 \uc544\uc9c1 \uad6c\ucd95\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uae30\uc5d0 \ub300\ub7c9\u00b7\uae09\uc18d \uc6b4\uc1a1\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uce74\uc2a4\ud53c\ud574\ub97c \uc9c0\ub098 \ubcfc\uac00\uac15\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc218\uc0c1 \uc6b4\uc1a1\ub3c4 \uaca8\uc6b8\ucca0 \ubcfc\uac00\uac15 \uacb0\ube59 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9 \uac00\ub2a5 \uc2dc\uae30\uac00 \uc81c\ud55c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub2e8\uc704: \ubc31\ub9cc \ud1a4)<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3535\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3535\" style=\"width: 1110px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3535 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ud45c1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1110\" height=\"689\" srcset=\"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ud45c1.png 1110w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ud45c1-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ud45c1-768x477.png 768w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ud45c1-1024x636.png 1024w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ud45c1-356x220.png 356w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ud45c1-696x432.png 696w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ud45c1-1068x663.png 1068w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ud45c1-677x420.png 677w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1110px) 100vw, 1110px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3535\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc640 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc11d\uc720 \uc0b0\ucd9c\ub7c9 \ubcc0\ud654: 1859-1920\ub144<\/strong><br \/>\uc790\ub8cc : \u0414\u044c\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0418.\u0410. 1999. 165-167 &lt;\ud45c 1&gt;\uc744 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\ub85c \ubcc0\ud615<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc740 1870\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uc811\uc5b4\ub4e4\uba74\uc11c \uc870\uae08\uc529 \uac1c\uc120\ub418\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \ubc14\ucfe0 \uc720\uc804\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uacbd\uc7c1\uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub358 \ubbf8\uad6d \ud39c\uc2e4\ubc14\ub2c8\uc544 \uc0b0 \uc6d0\uc720\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \uc9c8\uc774 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ub2e8\uc810\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098, \uc6d0\uc720 \ub9e4\uc7a5\uc591\uc774 \ud48d\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \uc720\uce35(\u6cb9\u5c64)\uc774 \uc9c0\ud45c\uba74\uc5d0 \ube44\uad50\uc801 \uac00\uae4c\uc774 \uc704\uce58\ud574 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc7a5\uc810 \ub610\ud55c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc774\uc810\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ubc14\ucfe0 \uc720\uc804\uc774 \uadfc\ub300\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uac1c\ubc1c\ub418\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \ub9ce\uc774 \ub2a6\uc5b4\uc11c, \ub4dc\ub808\uc774\ud06c \ubcf4\ub2e4 13\ub144\uc774 \ub2a6\uc740 1872\ub144\uc5d0 \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \uc2dc\ucd94\uacf5\uc744 \ub6ab\uc5b4 \uc6d0\uc720\ub97c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uba74\uc11c\ubd80\ud130\uc600\ub2e4. \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2a6\uc740 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \uc704 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub4ef\uc774, \uc774 \ud574\ub97c \uae30\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\ucfe0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc6d0\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc774 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38\uc740 \uc774\ub807\ub4ef \ubc14\ucfe0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11d\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc774 \ubcf8\uaca9\ud654\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc804\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3536\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3536\" style=\"width: 1378px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3536 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc720\uc804.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1378\" height=\"701\" srcset=\"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc720\uc804.jpg 1378w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc720\uc804-300x153.jpg 300w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc720\uc804-768x391.jpg 768w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc720\uc804-1024x521.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc720\uc804-696x354.jpg 696w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc720\uc804-1068x543.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc720\uc804-826x420.jpg 826w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1378px) 100vw, 1378px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3536\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\ubc14\ucfe0 \uc720\uc804 \ucd08\uae30 \uac1c\ubc1c<\/strong><br \/>\uc790\ub8cc: 30 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, 1914.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc14\ucfe0 \uc720\uc804 \uac1c\ubc1c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub4e0 \uac83\uc740 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0 \uc788\ub358 \ub450 \ud615\uc81c\uc778 \ub85c\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\uc640 \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub4e4\uac8c \ub41c \uac83\uc740 \uc6b0\uc5f0\ud55c \uc77c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1873\ub144\uc5d0 \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0 \ub0a9\ud488\ud560 \uc18c\ucd1d\uc758 \uac1c\uba38\ub9ac\ud310 \uc81c\uc791\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub420 \ud638\ub450\ub098\ubb34 \ubaa9\uc7ac \uad6c\uc785\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ud615\uc744 \ucf54\uce74\uc11c\uc2a4 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0c8\ub2e4. \ucf54\uce74\uc11c\uc2a4 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \uc21c\ud589\ud558\ub358 \ub85c\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\ub294 \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\ud558\ub358 \ubaa9\uc7ac\ub97c \ubc1c\uacac\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \ubabb\ud588\uc73c\ub098, \ubc14\ucfe0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc804\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub4f1\uc720 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \ud574 \ubcf8 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc774 \uc788\ub358 \uadf8\ub294 \uc11d\uc720 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc774 \uc7a5\ub798\uc131\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0, \ubaa9\uc7ac \uad6c\uc785\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \ub3c8\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\ucfe0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc720\uc804 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \uad6c\ub9e4\ud588\ub2e4. \ub098\uc544\uac00 \ub85c\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\ub294 \uc11d\uc720 \uac1c\ubc1c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ud22c\uc790\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc778 \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\ub97c \uc124\ub4dd\ud588\ub2e4. \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0\ub294 \ub9dd\uc124\uc774\ub358 \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\ub3c4 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \ubc14\ucfe0\uc720\uc804 \uc9c0\ub300\uc758 \ud1a0\uc9c0\ub97c \ubbfc\uac04\uc5d0 \ud310\ub9e4\ud558\uc790 \ubcf8\uaca9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc11d\uc720 \uac1c\ubc1c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub4e4\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc11d\uc720 \uac1c\ubc1c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub4e0 \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\uc640 \ub85c\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8 \ud615\uc81c\ub294 \uc6d0\uc720\uc758 \uc0dd\uc0b0, \uc815\uc81c, \uc6b4\uc1a1\uc744 \uccb4\uacc4\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ud798\uc744 \uc3df\uc558\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub2f9\uc2dc \ubc14\ucfe0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc804 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc740 \uae30\uc220\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub099\ud6c4\ud574 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc11d\uc720 \uc2dc\ucd94\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uae30\uacc4\ub098 \uc7a5\ube44, \ucca0\ub3c4, \uc720\uc870\uc120, \uc218\uc1a1\uc6a9 \uae30\ub984 \uc800\uc7a5 \ud0f1\ud06c, \uc9c0\uc810\ub9dd \ub4f1\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc2dc\uc124\ub4e4\uc740 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ubd80\uc7ac\ud588\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\ub4e4\uc744 \ud558\ub098\uc529 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uba70 \uc11d\uc720 \ucc44\uad74, \uc0dd\uc0b0, \uc6b4\uc1a1, \uc815\uc81c \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uac1c\uc120\ud558\uace0 \uc77c\uad00\ud654\ud574 \uac14\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ub178\ub825\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc608\ub97c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uba74, 1878\ub144\uc5d0 \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\ub294 \uc138\uacc4 \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \uc720\uc870\uc120(\uc99d\uae30\uc120 &lt;\uc870\ub85c\uc544\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub974(\u0417\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440)\ud638&gt;)\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uace0, \uac19\uc740 \ud574\uc5d0 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \uc11d\uc720 \ud30c\uc774\ud504 \ub77c\uc778\uc744 \uac74\uc124\ud588\uc73c\uba70, 1903\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc138\uacc4 \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \ub514\uc824 \uc5d4\uc9c4\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc870\uc120(&lt;\ubc18\ub2ec(\u0412\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043b)\ud638&gt;)\uc744 \ub3c4\uc785\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3537\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3537\" style=\"width: 858px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3537 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc870\ub85c\uc544\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud638.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"858\" height=\"590\" srcset=\"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc870\ub85c\uc544\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud638.png 858w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc870\ub85c\uc544\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud638-300x206.png 300w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc870\ub85c\uc544\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud638-768x528.png 768w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc870\ub85c\uc544\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud638-100x70.png 100w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc870\ub85c\uc544\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud638-218x150.png 218w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc870\ub85c\uc544\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud638-696x479.png 696w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc870\ub85c\uc544\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud638-611x420.png 611w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 858px) 100vw, 858px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3537\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\uc870\ub85c\uc544\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub974\ud638<\/strong><br \/>\uc790\ub8cc: 30 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, 1914.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc791\uc5c5\ub4e4\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc790\uae08\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud588\uae30\uc5d0, \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\uc640 \ub85c\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\ub294 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc774\ubbf8 \uc138\uacc4\uc801 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \ub300 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uac00\ub85c \uc131\uc7a5\ud574 \uc788\ub358 \uc54c\ud504\ub808\ub4dc\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \uc694\uccad\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc 1879\ub144\uc5d0 \ub178\ubca8 \uc0bc\ud615\uc81c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\uc758 \ub3d9\ub8cc\uc774\uc790 \uce5c\uad6c\uc778 P. A. \ube4c\ub370\ub97c\ub9b0\uadf8(\u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433, 1844-1900)\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud55c 7\uba85\uc758 \uc678\ubd80\uc778\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \ud22c\uc790\uc790\ub85c \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\ub294 \ub178\ubca8\ud615\uc81c\uc11d\uc720\uc0dd\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc2dd\ud68c\uc0ac(\u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u041d\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c), \uc57d\uce6d \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8(\u0411\u0440\u0430\u041d\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c)\uc774 \uc124\ub9bd\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc9c1\uc740 \ucd08\uae30 \uc790\ubcf8\uae08 \uc911 50\ud37c\uc13c\ud2b8 \uc774\uc0c1\uc744 \ub304 \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8 \uc9d1\uc548\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3cc\uc544\uac00\uc11c,<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> 1879-1888\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\uac00 \ub9e1\uc558\uc73c\uba70, 1888\ub144\uc5d0 \uadf8\uac00 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud55c \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\uc778 \uc5d0\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8(Emanuel Nobel, 1859-1932)\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2b9\uacc4\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\uc11d\uc720 \uc2dc\uc7a5 \uacbd\uc7c1: \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38(\ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8), \ub85d\ud3a0\ub7ec(\uc2a4\ud150\ub354\ub4dc\uc11d\uc720\ud68c\uc0ac), \ub85c\ud2b8\uc2e4\ud2b8(\ub85c\uc2a4\ucc28\uc77c\ub4dc) \uac00\ubb38<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ucc3d\uc124 \uc774\ud6c4 \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc740 \uc790\ubcf8\ud22c\uc790\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uae30\uc220\uac1c\ubc1c\uacfc \uc124\ube44 \uad6c\ucd95\uc744 \uc9c0\uc18d\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc6d0\uc720\uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc744 \ud06c\uac8c \ub298\ub824\uac14\ub2e4. \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc758 \uc6d0\uc720\uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc740 1879-1880\ub144\uc5d0 919,000\ud478\ub4dc<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud588\uc73c\ub098, 10\ub144 \ud6c4\uc778 1889\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 31,920,000\ud478\ub4dc\ub85c 35\ubc30 \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\uba70, \ub2e4\uc2dc 10\ub144 \ud6c4\uc778 1899\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 93,428,000\ud478\ub4dc\ub85c 1880\ub144 \ub300\ube44 101\ubc30 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc99d\ub300\ud558\uba70 \uc815\uc810\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub2e4(<em>30 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/em><em>, <\/em>1914: 65, 69). \ub610\ud55c \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc774 \ub3c4\uc785\ud55c \uc11d\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0 \ubc0f \uc815\uc81c \uad00\ub828 \ud601\uc2e0\uc740 \uc774 \ubd84\uc57c\uc758 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uae30\uc5c5\ub4e4\ub85c\ub3c4 \ud655\uc0b0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ucd1d \uc0b0\uc720\ub7c9 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \ud06c\uac8c \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c 1880~1890\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub294 \uc0b0\uc720\ub7c9\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc744 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ucd94\uaca9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ub9c8\uce68\ub0b4 1898-1901\ub144\uc758 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548\uc5d0\ub294 \uc7a0\uc2dc\ub098\ub9c8 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc744 \uc55e\uc9c0\ub974\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3538\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3538\" style=\"width: 1341px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3538 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc815\uc720.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1341\" height=\"846\" srcset=\"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc815\uc720.png 1341w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc815\uc720-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc815\uc720-768x485.png 768w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc815\uc720-1024x646.png 1024w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc815\uc720-696x439.png 696w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc815\uc720-1068x674.png 1068w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\uc815\uc720-666x420.png 666w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1341px) 100vw, 1341px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3538\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\ubc14\ucfe0 \uc815\uc720 \uacf5\uc7a5<\/strong><br \/>\uc790\ub8cc: 30 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, 1914.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc6d0\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uacfc \uc815\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uacbd\uc7c1\ub825 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc740 \uc6d0\uc720\ub97c \uc815\uc81c\ud55c \uc0c1\ud488\uc778 \ub4f1\uc720\uc758 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uacfc \ud310\ub9e4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\ub2e4. \uadfc\ub300\uc801 \uc11d\uc720 \ucc44\uad74\uc774 \ubcf8\uaca9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c 1860\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ub4f1\uc720 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc744 \uc8fc\ub3c4\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc544\uc9c1 \ub0b4\uc5f0\uae30\uad00\uc774 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub358 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uc720 \uc815\uc81c\ubb3c\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub358 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud06c\uace0 \uac70\uc758 \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc740 \ub7a8\ud504\uc6a9 \uae30\ub984 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc774\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \ub4f1\uc720\ub294 \uc6d0\uc720 \uc815\uc81c\uc720\ub4e4 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \uc6a9\ub3c4\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ubb3c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub204\uad6c\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc55e\uc11c \ub300\ub7c9 \uc6d0\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \ubbf8\uad6d\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2dc \ub7a8\ud504\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \uac01\uad11\ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \ub4f1\uc720 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc744 \uc120\uc810\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc989, 1860\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc0b0 \ub4f1\uc720\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d \uad6d\ub0b4\ub294 \ubb3c\ub860\uc774\uace0 \uc720\ub7fd \ub4f1 \ud574\uc678\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc744 \uc7a5\uc545\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc0b0\uc720\uad6d\uc758 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \uc810\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uc544\uc9c1 \ucc44\uad74\ub7c9\uc774 \ub9ce\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub358 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uad6d\ub0b4\uc0b0 \ub4f1\uc720\ub85c\ub294 \uc218\uc694\ub97c \uac10\ub2f9\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5b4 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc0b0\uc744 \uc218\uc785\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc758 \ub4f1\uc7a5 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc0b0\uc720\ub7c9\uc774 \uae09\uc99d\ud558\uace0 \uc815\uc81c \uae30\uc220\uc774 \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uba74\uc11c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ub4f1\uc720 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc14\ucfe0\uc0b0\uc774 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc0b0\uc744 \ubab0\uc544\ub0b4\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc758 \uae09\uaca9\ud55c \uc131\uc7a5\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2dc \ubbf8\uad6d\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \uc138\uacc4 \uc11d\uc720 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc744 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \ub85d\ud3a0\ub7ec\uc758 \uc2a4\ud150\ub354\ub4dc\uc11d\uc720\ud68c\uc0ac(Standard Oil Company)\uc758 \uc774\ud574\uad00\uacc4\uc640 \ucda9\ub3cc\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud3c9\ubc94\ud55c \uacbd\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \ub85d\ud3a0\ub7ec\ub294 \ubaa8\ud5d8\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uacf5\uaca9\uc801\uc778 \ud22c\uc790\uc640 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \uacbd\uc601\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ube60\ub978 \uc2dc\uac04 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc11d\uc720 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\ub97c \uc7a5\uc545\ud55c \ud6c4, \uc774\ub97c \ud2b8\ub7ec\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c \uc870\uc9c1\ud55c \uc2a4\ud150\ub354\ub4dc\uc11d\uc720\ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \ucc3d\uc124\ud588\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ud150\ub354\ub4dc\uc11d\uc720\ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 \uacf5\uaca9\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc601\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ubbf8\uad6d \uad6d\ub0b4 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860\uc774\uace0 \uc720\ub7fd\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \uc138\uacc4 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc9c0\ubc30\uc801\uc778 \uc704\uce58\uc5d0 \uc62c\ub77c\uc11c\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ubc14\ucfe0\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uc7a5\ud55c \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc774 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860\uc774\uace0 \uc720\ub7fd\uacfc \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc2a4\ud150\ub354\ub4dc\uc11d\uc720\ud68c\uc0ac\uc640 \uacbd\uc7c1\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc704\ud611\uc744 \ub290\ub080 \ub85d\ud3a0\ub7ec\ub294 1880\ub144\ub300 \ucd08\uc5d0 \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc758 \uc778\uc218\ub97c \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\ub098 \ub178\ubca8 \ud615\uc81c\uc758 \uac70\ubd80\ub85c \uc2e4\ud328\ud558\uba70, \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \uc720\ub7fd \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \ub450 \uc11d\uc720 \uae30\uc5c5 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uacbd\uc7c1\uc740 \uc2ec\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\uc5d0 \ub85d\ud3a0\ub7ec\ub294 \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc5d0 \uc790\uae08\uc744 \uc735\ud1b5\ud574\uc8fc\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \ub85c\ud2b8\uc2e4\ud2b8(\ub85c\uc2a4\ucc28\uc77c\ub4dc) \uac00\ubb38\uacfc \ud611\ub825 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub9fa\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc744 \uc7ac\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc555\ubc15\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \uae30\ud654\ub85c \ub85c\ud2b8\uc2e4\ud2b8\ub294 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc11d\uc720\ud68c\uc0ac\uc778 &lt;\ubc14\ud22c\ubbf8\uc11d\uc720\uc0dd\uc0b0\ud310\ub9e4\ud68c\uc0ac(\u0411\u0430\u0442\u0443\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e)&gt;\ub97c \uc778\uc218\ud558\uc5ec &lt;\uce74\uc2a4\ud53c\ud574-\ud751\ud574\uc11d\uc720\uc0dd\uc0b0\ud310\ub9e4\ud68c\uc0ac(\u041a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e)&gt;\ub85c \uc7ac\uc870\uc9c1\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc11d\uc720\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c1\uc811 \ud22c\uc790\uc5d0 \ub098\uc130\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\ub4e4\uc744 \uc774\uaca8\ub0c8\ub2e4. \uba3c\uc800, \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\ub294 \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc778 \uc54c\ud504\ub808\ub4dc\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc9c1\uac04\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uc7ac\uc815 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\uac8c \ub428\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc790\uae08 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uadf9\ubcf5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc790\uae08 \ud22c\uc790\uc640 \uae30\uc220 \ud601\uc2e0\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc11d\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0 \ubc0f \ud310\ub9e4 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc740 \uc8fc\ub3c4\uc801\uc778 \uc785\uc9c0\ub97c \ud655\uace0\ud558\uac8c \ub2e4\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ub4f1\uc720 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc758 \uc785\uc9c0\ub294 \uc218\uce58\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uba3c\uc800, \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc740 \ud68c\uc0ac \ucc3d\uc124 \uc774\ud6c4 1879-1883\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ub4f1\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc744 \ubb34\ub824 2,090% \uc99d\uac00\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ub0b4 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc11d\uc720 \uae30\uc5c5\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub4f1\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc774 \uae09\uc99d\ud574\uc11c, 1884-1888\ub144\uc758 5\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc804\uccb4 \ub4f1\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc740 430%\ub77c\ub294 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc131\uc7a5\ub960\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9 \uc99d\ub300\ub97c \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ub4f1\uc720 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc740 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucee4\uc838\uc11c, \uad6d\ub0b4 \uc2dc\uc7a5 \ud1b5\uc81c\ub825\uc774 1880\ub144\ub300 \ub9d0\uc5d0\ub294 30%\ub300, 1890\ub144\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 40%\ub300, 1900\ub144\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 50% \uc804\ud6c4\ub85c \ud655\ub300\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4(\u0414\u044c\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, 1999: 172-173). \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc131\uc7a5\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc, \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc740 \uc2a4\ud150\ub354\ub4dc\uc11d\uc720\ud68c\uc0ac\uc640 \uc138\uacc4 \uc11d\uc720\uc2dc\uc7a5\uc744 \uc591\ubd84\ud558\ub294 \uad74\uc9c0\uc758 \uae30\uc5c5\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3581\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3581\" style=\"width: 1014px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3581\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ucc44\uad74\uc758-\ubcc0\ud654-e1577061249929.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1014\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ucc44\uad74\uc758-\ubcc0\ud654-e1577061249929.jpg 1014w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ucc44\uad74\uc758-\ubcc0\ud654-e1577061249929-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ucc44\uad74\uc758-\ubcc0\ud654-e1577061249929-768x545.jpg 768w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ucc44\uad74\uc758-\ubcc0\ud654-e1577061249929-100x70.jpg 100w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ucc44\uad74\uc758-\ubcc0\ud654-e1577061249929-696x494.jpg 696w, https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ucc44\uad74\uc758-\ubcc0\ud654-e1577061249929-592x420.jpg 592w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1014px) 100vw, 1014px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3581\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>19\uc138\uae30 \uc911\ubc18-20\uc138\uae30 \ucd08 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc81c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uc720\uc640 \ub4f1\uc720 \ucc44\uad74\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654<\/strong><br \/>\uc790\ub8cc: \u0414\u044c\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0418.\u0410. 1999. 169\ucabd \uc7ac\uc815\ub9ac<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \ubd95\uad34\uc640 \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc758 \ud574\uc0b0<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 20\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc811\uc5b4\ub4e4\uba74\uc11c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc81c\uad6d\uc740 \uad6d\ub0b4 \uc815\uce58 \ud63c\ub780\uacfc \uad6d\uc81c \uc815\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc2e4\ud328\ub85c \uad6d\ub825\uc774 \uc57d\ud654\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11d\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0 \uae09\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \ub4a4\uccd0\uc9c0\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d\uc774 \uc11d\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc5d0\uc11c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc640 \ucee4\ub2e4\ub780 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \ubc8c\ub9ac\uac8c \ub41c \uac83\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc2dc\ucd94 \uae30\uc220 \uac1c\ubc1c\uacfc \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc720\uc804 \ubc1c\uacac \ub355\uc774 \ucef8\ub2e4. \uba3c\uc800, 1901\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud2b9\uc218 \uc1a1\uacf3\uc774 \ub2ec\ub9b0 \uac15\uad00\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574\uc11c \uc720\uce35\uc744 \ub6ab\ub294 \ud68c\uc804\uc2dd \uc2dc\ucd94\ubc95\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc9c0\uce35 \uae4a\uc740 \uacf3\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc720\uc804\ub3c4 \uc2dc\ucd94\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \uae30\uc874 \uc720\uc804 \uc9c0\ub300\uc778 \ud39c\uc2e4\ubca0\ub2c8\uc544 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc678\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud14d\uc0ac\uc2a4\uc640 \uc624\ud074\ub77c\ud638\ub9c8\uc5d0\uc11c \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc720\uce35\uc774 \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uc5b4 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub418\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc720\uc804\uc9c0\ub300\uc758 \uc591 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uae09\uc99d\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubc18\uba74, 20\uc138\uae30 \ucd08\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub294, \uae30\uc220\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294, \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc9c0\uce35\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uae4c\uc774 \uc704\uce58\ud55c \uc720\uce35\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc \uc2dc\ucd94\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ucda9\uaca9\uc2dd \uc2dc\ucd94\ubc95\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc720\uc804 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294, \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ubc14\ucfe0\uc640 \uadf8 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uc758 \uad6c \uc720\uc804 \uc9c0\ub300\uc5d0 \uc808\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc758\uc874\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc740 \uc774 \uc911 \ud6c4\uc9c4\uc131 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud0c0\uac1c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 1911\ub144\uc5d0 \ub85c\ud130\ub9ac \uad74\ucc29\uae30\ub97c \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uace0 \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub97c \ucd08\ube59\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \uae30\uc220 \uac1c\uc120 \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc2dc\ucd94 \ube44\uc6a9 \uc99d\ub300\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc838 \uc6d0\uc720\uc640 \uc815\uc81c\uc720 \uac00\uaca9\uc758 \uc0c1\uc2b9\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc640\uc11c, \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ub4f1\uc720 \uac00\uaca9\uc740 \uc8fc\uc694 \uacbd\uc7c1 \uc0c1\ud488\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \ub3c4\ub124\uce20\ud06c(\u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043a) \uc0b0 \uc11d\ud0c4 \uac00\uaca9\uc758 \ub450 \ubc30\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud560 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uc0c1\uc2b9\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc0b0 \ub4f1\uc720\ub294 \uad6d\ub0b4 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uacbd\uc7c1\ub825\uc774 \uc57d\ud654\ub418\uc5b4 \uac00\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uad6d\ub0b4 \uc815\uce58 \ubb38\uc81c\uc640 \uc0ac\ud68c \ubd88\uc548 \ub610\ud55c \uc11d\uc720 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ubc1c\uc804\uc5d0 \uc545\uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ub07c\ucce4\ub2e4. 1905\ub144\uc5d0 \ud601\uba85\uc801 \uc0c1\ud669\uc774 \uc870\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \ub54c \ubc14\ucfe0 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud3ed\ub3d9\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74\uc740 \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc11d\uc720 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc8fc\ub3d9\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc5f4\uc545\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9 \uc870\uac74\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac1c\uc120\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uba70 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a8 \ubd09\uae30\uc600\ub2e4. \ud3ed\ub3d9\uc740 \uc11d\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uccd0\uc11c, \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc6d0\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc740 1904\ub144\uc5d0 10,908,000\ud1a4\uc5d0\uc11c 1905\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 7,600,000\ud1a4\uc73c\ub85c \uae09\uac10\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ud6c4 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc740 \uc870\uae08\uc529 \ud68c\ubcf5\ub418\ub098 1905\ub144 \uc218\uc900\uc744 \ud68c\ubcf5\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub2e4 1917\ub144\uc5d0 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \ub450 \ucc28\ub840\uc758 \ud601\uba85\ub4e4\uacfc \uadf8 \uc911 10\uc6d4 \ud601\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uc18c\ube44\uc5d0\ud2b8 \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c\uba74\uc11c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc6d0\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc740 \uae09\uac10\ud574\uc11c, 1916\ub144\uc5d0 9,141,000\ud1a4\uc5d0\uc11c 1917\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 8,760,000\ud1a4\uc73c\ub85c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 1920\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 3,830,000\ud1a4\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\ub77d\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uae09\uac10 \uc774\ud6c4 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc6d0\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc740 1928\ub144\uc5d0 \uac00\uc11c\uc57c \ub2e4\uc2dc\uae08 \ud68c\ubcf5\ub418\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. 1888\ub144\uc5d0 \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\uac00 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud55c \ud6c4 \uacbd\uc601\uad8c\uc744 \uc778\uc218\ud55c \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4 \uc5d0\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc740 \uc774\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf8 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc740 20\uc138\uae30 \ucd08 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b4 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801\u00b7\uacbd\uc81c\uc678\uc801 \uc870\uac74\ub4e4 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub178\ub825\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc758 \uacbd\uc601\uc2e4\uc801\ub3c4 \ub098\uc058\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544\uc11c, \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8 \uc2dc\uae30\ub294 \ubb3c\ub860\uc774\uace0 \uc5d0\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc774 \uacbd\uc601\ud560 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc758 \uad6d\ub0b4 \uc2dc\uc7a5 \uc810\uc720\uc728\uacfc \ucd1d\uc774\uc775 \ubc0f \uc21c\uc774\uc775\uc740 \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc99d\uac00 \ucd94\uc138\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4(\u0414\u044c\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, 1999: 171-172, 179-180). \ub178\ub3d9\uc790 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub3c4, \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc11d\uc720 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uac00\ub4e4 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\uc640 \uc5d0\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790 \ubcf5\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc2e0\uacbd\uc744 \uc4f0\ub294 \ud3b8\uc774\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \ud2b9\ud788 1905\ub144\uc5d0 \ubc14\ucfe0 \uc11d\uc720 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790 \ud3ed\ub3d9\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc5d0\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ub2e8\ucd95\ud558\uace0 \uc544\ub3d9\ub178\ub3d9\uc744 \uae08\uc9c0\ud558\uba70 \uc9c1\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud68c\uc0ac \uc9c0\ubd84\uc744 \ubd84\ubc30\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \ub178\ub3d9 \uc870\uac74\uacfc \ub178\ub3d9\uc790 \ubcf5\uc9c0 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud798\uc744 \uc3df\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 1917\ub144 10\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uad6d\uac00\uc801 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc758 \uaca9\ubcc0\uc740 \uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub178\ub825\ub4e4\uacfc \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc744 \ubb34\uc704\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1918\ub144\uc5d0 \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc740 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub358 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc11d\uc720 \uae30\uc5c5\ub4e4\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0 \ubab0\uc218\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc5d0\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uacfc \uadf8\uc758 \uac00\uc871\uc740 \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc8fc\ud560 \uc218 \ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\uc544\uc81c\ub974\ubc14\uc774\uc794 \uadfc\ub300 \uc11d\uc720 \uac1c\ubc1c\uacfc \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374 \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38\uc740 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc640 \uc778\uc5f0\uc744 \ub9fa\uc73c\uba70 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc131\uacf5\uacfc \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uba85\uc131\uc744 \ud68d\ub4dd\ud588\ub2e4. 1\ub300\uc778 \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8 \ub178\ubca8 1\uc138\ub294 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0 \uc774\uc8fc\ud574\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \uae30\uacc4 \ubc0f \ubb34\uae30 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc2e4\ud328\ub97c \ub9cc\ud68c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c 2\ub300\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\ub294 \uc138 \uc544\ub4e4\uc740 \uc11c\uc720\ub7fd\uacfc \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uac70\ub300\ud55c \uae30\uc5c5\uc744 \uc77c\uad6c\uc5b4 \ub0c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788, \uc54c\ud504\ub808\ub4dc \ub178\ubca8\uc5d0 \uac00\ub824 \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8\uc758 \ud615\ub4e4\uc778 \ub85c\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\uc640 \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\ub294 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\ucc98\ub7fc \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud574\uc11c \ucee4\ub2e4\ub780 \uc131\uacf5\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\ub294 \ubc14\ucfe0\ub97c \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc11d\uc720 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud574\uc11c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc6d0\uc720 \uc2dc\ucd94\uc640 \uc815\uc81c\ub97c \uc120\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \ub300\uae30\uc5c5\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uc7a5\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uac74\uc124\ub41c \ub178\ubca8\uac00\uc758 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc11d\uc720 \uc81c\uad6d\uc740 3\ub300\uc778 \uc5d0\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc5d0\uac8c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38\uc758 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc740 19\uc138\uae30 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uae09\uaca9\ud55c \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uacaa\uace0\uc788\ub358 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \uc0c1\ud669\uacfc \uc5f0\ub3d9\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. 19\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18\uc5d0 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc81c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c4\ud589\ub41c \uac1c\ud601, \uacbd\uc81c\uc131\uc7a5, \uad70\ube44\uc99d\uac15\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc870\uac74 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc740 \ud655\ub9bd\ub418\uace0 \uc131\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 20\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc811\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c4\ud589\ub41c \ub178\uc1e0\ud55c \uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \uae09\uaca9\ud55c \ubd95\uad34\ub97c \ub178\ubca8 \uc11d\uc720 \uc81c\uad6d\uc740 \ubc84\ud168\ub0bc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1917\ub144\uc5d0 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \ud601\uba85\uc740 \uad6c\uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \ubb34\ub108\ub728\ub838\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 3\ub300\uc5d0 \uac78\uce5c \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\uc758 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc774\uc8fc \uc0dd\ud65c\uacfc 2\ub300\uc5d0 \uac78\uce5c \uac70\ub300 \uc11d\uc720 \uae30\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc885\ub8cc\ub97c \uc120\uc5b8\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\uc591\uc2b9\uc870(igory21@gmail.com)<\/strong>\ub294<br \/>\n\uc22d\uc2e4\ub300\ud559\uad50 \uc870\uad50\uc218\uc774\ub2e4. \ubaa8\uc2a4\ud06c\ubc14\uad6d\ub9bd\ub300\ud559\uad50(Lomonosov Moscow State University) \uc5ed\uc0ac\ud559\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5ed\uc0ac\ud559 \ubc15\uc0ac\ud559\uc704\ub97c \ucde8\ub4dd\ud558\uace0, \uace0\ub824\ub300\ud559\uad50 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544CIS\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c\uc5d0\uc11c HK\uc5f0\uad6c\uad50\uc218\uc640 \uc5f0\uad6c\uad50\uc218\ub85c, \uc11c\uc6b8\ub300\ud559\uad50 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\uc784\uc5f0\uad6c\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \ud65c\ub3d9\ud588\ub2e4. \uadfc\ub300 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc0ac, \uadfc\ub300 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\u00b7\uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \ubbfc\uc871\ubb38\uc81c, \uadfc\ub300 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\u00b7\uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc885\uad50\ubb38\uc81c, \uadfc\ub300 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc774\uc8fc\uc0ac, \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\u00b7\uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uace0\ub824\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c \uad00\ub828 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \u201c18\uc138\uae30 \ub9d0-19\uc138\uae30 \uc911\ubc18 \uc81c\uc815 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \ub300 \uce74\uc790\ud750 \uc815\ucc45\uacfc \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c \u2013 \uc624\ub80c\ubd80\ub974\ud06c\uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uc885\ubb34\uc6d0\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c\u201d(2017) \uc678 \ub2e4\uc218\uc758 \uc800\uc11c \ubc0f \ub17c\ubb38\uc744 \ucd9c\uac04\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11d\uc720 \uc81c\uad6d\uc744 \uac74\uc124\ud558\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38\uc740 \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8 \ub178\ubca8 2\uc138(Immanuel Nobel den yngre, 1801-1872)\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8 \ub178\ubca8 2\uc138\uc758 \uce5c\uac00\ub294 \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374 \ucd5c\ub0a8\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud55c \uc678\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c \ub1cc\ubca8\ub808\ube0c(\u00d6stra N\u00f6bbel\u00f6v)\ub77c\ub294 \ub9c8\uc744\uc5d0 \uac70\uc8fc\ud558\ub358 \ub18d\ubbfc \uc9d1\uc548\uc73c\ub85c, \uc6d0\ub798\ub294 \uc131\uc528\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub2e4 \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc758 \uc99d\uc870\ubd80\uc778 \ud398\ud130 \uc62c\ub77c\ud504\uc190(Petter Olofsson, 1655-1707)\uc774 \uc6c1\uc0b4\ub77c \ub300\ud559\uc5d0 \uc785\ud559\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4 \uc131\uba85\uc744 \ub300\ud559\uc5d0 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud560 \ub54c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ucd9c\uc2e0 \ub9c8\uc744 \uba85\uce6d\uc744 \ub123\uc5b4 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ud398\ud2b8\ub8e8\uc2a4 \ub178\ubca8\ub9ac\uc6b0\uc2a4(Petrus Nobelius)\ub77c\uace0 \ud45c\uae30\ud558\uc5ec \uc131\uc528\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \ub178\ubca8\ub9ac\uc6b0\uc2a4\ub77c\ub294 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4\uc2dd \uc131\uc528 \ud45c\uae30\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774 \uc131\uc528\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uc190\uc790 \ub300\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc5bc\ub9c8\uac04 \ubcc0\ud615\uc744 \uacaa\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \ud398\ud2b8\ub8e8\uc2a4\uc758 \uc190\uc790\ub140 \uc911 \ub9c9\ub0b4\uc778 \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8\uc740 \uad70\ubcf5\ubb34\ub97c \ud558\uac8c \ub418\uba74\uc11c \uc131\uc528\ub97c \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374\uc5b4\uc2dd\uc778 \ub178\ubca8(Nobell)\ub85c \ubc14\uafe8\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ud6c4 \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \u201cl\u201d\ub3c4 \ub5bc\uc5b4 \ubc84\ub838\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\uac00 \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8 \ub178\ubca8 1\uc138(Immanuel Nobel den \u00e4ldre, 1757-1839)\uc774\ub2e4(\ud504\ub9ac\uce20 \ud440\ud06c\ud2c0\ub808, 2000: 11-15). \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8 \ub178\ubca8 2\uc138\ub294 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub178\ubca8\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc131\uc744 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \uc784\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8 \ub178\ubca8 1\uc138\uc758 \ub3d9\uba85 \uc544\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \uc624\ud750\ud0c0\uac15(\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u041e\u0445\u0442\u0430)\uc740 \ub124\ubc14\uac15(\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0430)\uc758 \uc9c0\ub958\ub85c, \uc0c1\ud2b8\ud398\ud14c\ub974\ubd80\ub974\ud06c \ubd81\ub3d9\ucabd\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc6d0\ud574\uc11c \ub0a8\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ud758\ub7ec \ub124\ubc14\uac15\uc5d0 \ud569\ub958\ud55c \ud6c4 \ubc1c\ud2b8\ud574\ub85c \ub098\uac04\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \ud06c\ub860\uc2dc\ud0c0\ud2b8(\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0442)\ub294 \uc0c1\ud2b8\ud398\ud14c\ub974\ubd80\ub974\ud06c \uc11c\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub098 \uc788\ub294 \ud540\ub780\ub4dc\ub9cc \uc785\uad6c\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud55c \ucf54\ud2c0\ub9b0(\u041a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u043d)\uc12c\uc5d0 \uac74\uc124\ub41c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc81c\uad6d \uc2dc\uae30\uc758 \uad70\ud56d\uc774\uc790 \uc694\uc0c8\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u2018\uc870\uad6d\uc804\uc7c1(\u041e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430)\u2019\uc740 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\ud3f4\ub808\uc639\uc758 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc6d0\uc815\uc5d0 \ub300\ud56d\ud574\uc11c \uc2f8\uc6b4 \uc804\uc7c1\uc744 \uc77c\uceeb\ub294 \uba85\uce6d\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \ube0c\ub77c\ub178\ubca8\uc758 \ucd08\uae30 \uc790\ubcf8\uae08\uc740 3\ubc31\ub9cc \ub8e8\ube14\uc774\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\uadf8\uc758 \ud22c\uc790\uae08\uc740 161\ub9cc \ub8e8\ube14\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4(<em>30 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/em>&#8230;, (1914): 49).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \ud478\ub4dc(\u043f\u0443\u0434)\ub294 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \ubb34\uac8c\ub2e8\uc704\ub85c, 1 \ud478\ub4dc\ub294 16.38\ud0ac\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \ub3c4\ub124\uce20\ud06c(\u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043a[\ub7ec])\ub294 \ud604 \uc6b0\ud06c\ub77c\uc774\ub098 \ub3c4\ub124\uce20\ud06c(\u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a)\ub85c, \uc11d\ud0c4 \uc0b0\uc9c0\ub85c \uc720\uba85\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\uadc4\ud130 \ubc14\ub8e8\ub514\uc624 \uc800. \ucd5c\uc740\uc544 \uc678 \uc5ed. 2004. \u300e\uc545\ub9c8\uc758 \ub208\ubb3c, \uc11d\uc720\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\u300f. \uc11c\uc6b8: \ubfcc\ub9ac\uc640\uc774\ud30c\ub9ac.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\ud504\ub9ac\uce20 \ud440\ud06c\ud2c0\ub808 \uc800. \uc724\ub3c4\uc911 \uc5ed. 2000. \u300e\ub178\ubca8\u300f. \uc11c\uc6b8: \ud55c\uae38\uc0ac.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>30 <\/em><em>\u043b\u0435\u0442<\/em> <em>\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/em> <em>\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/em> <em>\u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/em> <em>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/em> <em>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432<\/em> <em>\u041d\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c<\/em><em>, 1879-1909<\/em>. (1914). \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0414\u044c\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0418.\u0410. 1999. <em>\u041d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u044c<\/em> <em>\u0438<\/em> <em>\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c<\/em> <em>\u0432<\/em> <em>\u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/em> <em>\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/em> <em>\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438<\/em> <em>\u0432<\/em> <em>\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/em> <em>\u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445<\/em>. \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430: \u0420\u041e\u0421\u0421\u041f\u042d\u041d.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0414\u044c\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u042e.\u041f. 2009. \u00ab\u042d\u043c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u041d\u043e\u0431\u0443\u043b\u044c \u2013 \u041f\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u043d \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438(1801-1872 \u0433\u0433.)\u00bb. \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0443\u043a, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440. 2004. \u201c\u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438.\u201d <em>\u041d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u044c \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438<\/em> 1, \u042f\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0440\u044c http:\/\/www.oilru.com\/nr\/128\/2392 (\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c: 2019\/9\/19).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u201cAndriette Nobel\u201d. The Nobel Prize. https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/alfred-nobel\/andriette-nobel\/(\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c: 2019\/10\/23).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Egorov, Boris. 2017. \u00abBlack gold: How the Russian oil industry was born\u00bb. <em>Russia beyond<\/em>, Sept. 21 https:\/\/www.rbth.com\/business\/326217-black-gold-how-russian-oil(\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c: 2019\/9\/27).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Yergin, Daniel. 2009. <em>The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power<\/em>. New York: Free press.<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>*\ubcf8 \uae30\uace0\ubb38\uc740 \uc804\ubb38\uac00 \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uc758\uacac\uc73c\ub85c, \uc11c\uc6b8\ub300 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c\uc640 \uc758\uacac\uc774 \ub2e4\ub97c \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubc1d\ud799\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\ucf54\uce74\uc11c\uc2a4-\uc624\uc77c-\ub7ec\uc2dc-\uc544\uc81c\ub974\ubc14\uc774\uc794-\ubc14\ucfe0-\uc720\uc804\uacfc-\ub178\ubca8-\uac00\ubb38.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1248 td-animation-stack-type0-1\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/pdf.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"22\" \/>PDF \ud30c\uc77c \ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc591\uc2b9\uc870(\uc22d\uc2e4\ub300\ud559\uad50) \ub178\ubca8 \uac00\ubb38\uacfc \ubc14\ucfe0\uc720\uc804 \uac1c\ubc1c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc11d\uc720\uac1c\ubc1c \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \ubc14\ucfe0 \uc720\uc804\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 19\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \ucf54\uce74\uc11c\uc2a4 \uc6d0\uc815\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uce74\uc2a4\ud53c\ud574 \uc11c\ub0a8\ubd80\uc9c0\uc5ed\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc9c4\ucd9c\ud558\ub294\ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud55c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc81c\uad6d\uc740 \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc138\uacc4\uc801 \uc720\uc804\uc9c0\ub300\uc600\ub358 \ubc14\ucfe0 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \uc190\uc5d0 \ub123\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc11d\uc720\uc0b0\uc5c5\uc740 \uc138\uacc4 \uadf8 \uc5b4\ub290 \ub098\ub77c\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 \uc55e\uc120 19\uc138\uae30 \uc911\ubc18\ubd80\ud130 \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \ubbf8\uad6d \ub2e4\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc591\uc758 \uc6d0\uc720\uc640 \uc815\uc81c\uc720\ub97c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud558\uace0 \uc218\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3538,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[518,300,519,317,517,508,516],"class_list":["post-3533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-34","tag-518","tag-300","tag-519","tag-317","tag-517","tag-508","tag-516"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3533","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3533"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3533\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3611,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3533\/revisions\/3611"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3538"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3533"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3533"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}